═【立報】════════════════════════════
教 育 專 題 深 入 報 導
═══════════════════════《2003/05/16》═════
*****【本 期 內 容】
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教育專題 ◎ （國際專版）
主文：英文部分
◎ （國際專版）
主文：中文部分
◎ （國際專版）
大法師！教宗的另外一面？
◎ （國際專版）副文：英文部分
◎ （國際專版）
給巴黎的咖啡廳「上妝」
◎ 6月徵文
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◎ （國際專版） 主文：英文部分
教宗又要老一歲了！今年比去年好？
Another Birthday for Pope: Better Than Last Year?
Tue May 13, 2003 12:08 PM ET
By Philip Pullella
VATICAN CITY (Reuters) - Like any old man in his ninth decade, Pope
John Paul II will be flipping through pages of memories when he turns 83 on
Sunday.
The day will be made up not only of memories but plans -- for more
trips, more canonizations and more speeches.
His birthday comes at the start of a string of events that will peak on
Oct. 16 with the 25th anniversary of his election as history's first Polish
pope.
The birthday this year is also unusual because -- strange as it seems
-- he appears to be younger than last year.
In fact, his health has shown an improvement over the past few months.
A miracle cure? Divine intervention? A change of medicine?
No one but his doctor and other members of his inner circle know for
sure. And they are not telling.
In August, at the end of a grueling trip to Canada, Guatemala and
Mexico, he looked so weak that some photographers censored themselves out of
respect.
But in events before Easter and during his recent trip to Spain, the
pope appeared better than he has for some time.
Whereas in the past he had seemed short of breath, he now spoke clearly
and with a firm voice.
"I am a youngster aged 83," he quipped to an adoring crowd of
more than half a million young people on May 3 in Madrid.
The remark showed that he, along with his 1 billion-strong church,
thinks about the passage of time.
If anyone had any doubts that his mind was still sharp, the events of
the past several weeks, both in Rome and Madrid, should have relieved them.
And, as if to underscore that he is still in charge and does not want
to slow down, on his birthday he will preside at a public ceremony to canonize
two Poles who lived in the 19th and 20th centuries.
This will bring the total number of saints he has created in the past
quarter-century to 472 -- more than all of his predecessors combined over the
course of centuries.
In June he makes separate trips to Croatia and Bosnia. In August he
goes to Mongolia, with a possible stop in Russia -- the first ever there by a
pope. In September, it's Slovakia.
This is a packed travel schedule for a man who many observers had
written off 10 years ago as being in his twilight.
"If he were not up to it, we would not be planning these
trips," said one prelate who is a member of the pope's inner circle.
"He tells us: 'Go and do it,' and we, of course, obey."
The Vatican spokesman, in response to questions about the pope's
relatively strong performance recently, said rest and physical therapy had
"rejuvenated" him.
There is no doubt that the pope, once known as God's Athlete, is but a
shadow of his former robust self.
His left arm shakes as a result of Parkinson's disease. He suffers from
the effects of a leg fracture caused by an accident nearly 10 years ago and
arthritis in the knees.
NEW WHEELS
One factor that may help explain his improved appearance -- but only
partially -- is that the pope now has wheels.
During April's Easter ceremonies and the May trip to Spain, the Vatican
introduced several innovations to help him conserve his strength and stay off
his feet.
A wheeled throne spares him from standing while moving up the 300-yard
main aisle of St Peter's Basilica. And a rolling hydraulic chair lifts him to
the level of a high altar, allowing him to remain seated while saying Mass.
Speculation that the pope may have changed his treatment for Parkinson's
disease surfaced last year when Luc Montagnier, the French doctor who
co-discovered the HIV virus, sent him some pills based on a papaya extract.
Aides say he did not use them. Doctors observing the pope from a
distance say the current positive phase is probably part of a normal cycle of
ups and downs in the disease.
They say he is suffering from what is colloquially called "old
man's Parkinson's," a type that progresses, but slowly.
"It almost seems that even the disease has trouble keeping up with
him," one aide said.
25 YEARS ON THE THRONE
His pontificate already is the fourth-longest in the church's
2,000-year history and if he lives until March 17 it will become the
third-longest.
The run-up to the 25th anniversary in October is already in swing.
Rome's Lateran University kicked off the countdown last week with a
conference on his pontificate attended by a star-studded cast of ecclesiastical
characters.
Expect more of the same over the next five months. The church's social calendar
is already filling up.
The pope does not like to draw attention to passing time.
So, almost as if to divert the spotlight, three days after his 25th
anniversary in October he will beatify a person who was perhaps the only
Catholic more famous than him in the 20th century -- Mother Teresa of Calcutta.
◎（國際專版）
主文：中文部分
教宗又要老一歲了！今年比去年好？
文賴明芝
這個禮拜天，天主教教宗若望保祿二世就要度過83歲生日了。除了祝壽，外界對教宗最關心的一件事，自然就是他的健康狀況了。不少人擔心教宗的健康狀況，不知他還能撐多久。
雖然即將度過83歲生日，年老體弱，但是，年過八旬的教宗依舊神采奕奕，本月初教宗還抵達馬德里，作第五度訪問西班牙之旅。「旅行教皇」，果然名不虛傳。在長達24年半任職期間，教宗已經環繞世界28次，總計跑遍129個國家，609個城市。
這幾年，教宗經常強調，人類應拋棄仇恨、注重家庭、保護文化遺產及尊重不同宗教，以及加強不同宗教間的對話，互相了解，共創和平、公平的社會。特別是在911恐怖攻擊事件發生後，教宗更是努力呼籲國際社會重視和平，強調宗教之間的包容。不管是非洲、亞洲還是哪裡的人，都該謹守自由的分際，遠離暴力、流血和衝突。今年4月，主教宗在主持復活節彌撒大典後，也發表復活節文告，他說，3千年前耶蘇基督就是因為恐怖活動和仇恨而被釘上十字架，希望3千年後的今天，人類能努力化解仇恨，消弭恐怖活動，和平共處。今年整個復活節彌撒大典過程由53個國家的79個電視機構，以62種語言向世界各地傳播。
只不過，年事已高的教宗在長達3小時的儀式中，疲態難掩，無論他有多大的宗教號召力量，都敵不過他健康狀況日漸變差所帶來的不安。很多人都擔心，萬一教宗就這樣走了，沒有繼任者，那要如何是好？事實上，這的確是梵蒂岡的憲政難題。根據規定，教宗是由紅衣主教選出來的，可是，紅衣主教並沒有撤換教宗的權力。也因此，只要教宗願意繼續做下去，就算喪失心智，也沒有人能夠把他趕下臺。也因此，大家都很緊張，深怕教宗今年的健康狀況沒有去年好。
◎（國際專版）
大法師！教宗的另外一面？
文賴明芝
你知道嗎？天主教教宗若望保祿二世任職教皇的23年中，曾經施行過3次驅魔儀式呢！據了解，教宗首度驅魔是在1982年，當時有1名女孩在佈道大會上「抓狂」，一付惡靈附身的樣子，於是教宗趨前祈禱，讓她安靜下來。教宗最近一次驅魔則是2001年的9月，聽說這次的驅魔儀式不甚成功，由於一連串的詛咒，這名女孩仍在接受治療。義大利的《信使報》引述羅馬天主教廷首席驅魔法師亞摩茲的話說，教宗是要為驅魔的必要性樹立典範而從事這些儀式。
天主教的驅魔儀式以禱告開始，其他的儀式還包括祝福、灑聖水、將手扶於遭魔鬼附身的人身上以及畫十字動作等等，最後驅魔者命令魔鬼離開附身者身體。2000年11月，天主教廷「教義部」頒布了規定嚴格的驅魔綱領，長達17頁的驅魔綱領指出，要進行驅魔必須有主教許可，不准媒體採訪報導。
◎（國際專版）副文：英文部分
給巴黎咖啡廳的廁所「上妝」
Paris Cafe Toilets Get Makeover
Mon May 12, 2003 12:34 PM ET
By Catherine Bremer
PARIS (Reuters) - Ask any tourist to describe a Paris cafe toilet and
prepare for a toe-curling account of the horrors of squatting over an impossibly
small hole in the floor of a squalid, cupboard-sized cubicle.
The smell and the fear of splashes, the lack of soap or towel, the
timer light that leaves you in darkness after a minute -- and the indignation
of having to pay for the ordeal, has left its mark on generations of visitors
to France.
Not surprising then, that a handful of imaginative young designers
decided to take the matter in hand.
Using custom-built steel fittings and everything from cheeky peepholes
to live goldfish, some of Paris's oldest public bathrooms have been transformed
into havens of wacky chic that have the city's trendiest cafe-goers lining up
to spend a penny.
"I want people to say 'wow' when they walk into the toilet and
talk about it for weeks afterwards," said Xavier Denamur, who has bought
five Paris cafes and spent a fortune jazzing up jaded bathrooms with pristine
steel and offbeat trimmings.
"Paris toilets have a reputation among foreigners for being
disgusting, when really they should be at least as clean as the kitchen.
They're also the one place that's truly private, so there's scope to have some
fun with them too," he told Reuters.
GOLDFISH BOWL CISTERNS
Competitors across Paris are catching on.
Cafe-goers now flock to the slick "Cafe du Tresor," where the
sight of goldfish swimming in the transparent cistern causes consternation
among the uninitiated.
"People think the fish will be flushed down the toilet when they
pull the chain. Some are so scared they come out without flushing and ask us
what they should do," a waitress said.
The fish are safe from currents, swimming in a tank within the tank --
but are stolen by souvenir hunters every week.
Blushes are common at the arty "l'Autre Cafe" where you wash
your hands and find yourself brushing those of an anonymous stranger, thanks to
the washbasin built into the dividing wall and shared between the ladies' and
men's.
At a bar in the Bastille area, men relieve themselves in a large
bathtub with drainage holes in the corners.
Blushes aside, trendy toilets are a welcome change from the
hole-in-the-ground toilets that were the Paris norm until recently.
Defenders of the so-called Turkish toilets say they are more hygienic
than sit-down ones.
Indeed, the author of one Paris guidebook says she once found
footprints on the seat of a Western-style lavatory which somebody clearly found
too unhygienic to use conventionally.
The French, despite some automated, public "super toilets,"
are a long way behind Japan's high-tech toilets that even play recordings of
flushing water to disguise embarrassing noises.
Yet Denamur's motto, that an innovative and surgically clean bathroom
implies the same for the kitchen, is catching on.
Even if not everyone agrees with his artistry.
"Forget art, I'd rather be able to see what I'm doing,"
grumbled 24-year-old Sarah, coming out of l'Etoile Manquante's bathroom.
◎（國際專版）
給巴黎的咖啡廳「上妝」
賴明芝
你認為，從什麼地方可以看出一個國家的文化呢？服裝，那不用說。飲食，可能更是讓你看的更為透徹。對法國人而言，飲食，正是一個最好的指標。
在法國的飲食文化裡，除了田雞和蝸牛，鵝肝醬和紅酒，還有一個不能忽視的玩意，那就是：咖啡。街頭上，一家接著一家的咖啡廳，流露出來的是沙龍文化的沿襲。那是一種歷經上百年，被大戰戰火蹂躪之後，還能生存下來的一種氣息。就是這種不能取代的獨特性，讓巴黎的咖啡廳獨領風騷，連橫行全球的美國「星巴克」，也攻佔不了法國人的心。相反的，巴黎的咖啡廳文化卻向歐陸外流動。舉個例子，因存在大師沙特而遠近馳名的「富羅咖啡館」（Caf? de Flore），甚至被原樣的被日本人搬到東京表參道的街頭上。在這裡，消費的不是咖啡，而是法國文化。
啟蒙思想、存在主義甚至是對日常生活的辯論，都在咖啡桌上進行著。或者，你也可以在咖啡廳裡找到一個讓自己思緒神遊的位置，就算是沒沒無名的咖啡小館，也能撫慰一個人的心靈。
在咖啡廳裡，香氣繚繞是一種藝術。奶泡的綿密程度，是一種藝術。裝咖啡的杯子，是一種藝術。連讓客人用來搭配咖啡的糕點，也是一種藝術。只要你眼裡所見、耳裡所聽的，都是藝術。已經將咖啡廳文化發揮的淋漓盡致的巴黎人，只好把點子動到別的地方去。那就是，咖啡廳的廁所。
巴黎人在廁所裡大動腦筋，在「Etoile Manquante」（星星小姐），隱藏在鏡子後面的攝影機，則常常造成客人驚慌失措。當他們想到自己在鏡子前整理儀容，或是把妝弄得更糟的樣子，全被用餐的客人看在眼裡時，都嚇呆了。還有咖啡廳想到偷窺的點子，「La
Chaise au Plafond」（屋頂上的椅子）就在廁所間裡挖了一個讓人偷窺的洞，你可以湊上前去，不過，你不會看到隔壁間的人上廁所的樣子，在你眼裡的，是乳牛放牧的景象。
巴黎咖啡廳的廁所，從前相當被外國旅客所詬病，而今開始改頭換面了。現在，巴黎人不但使他們咖啡廳裡的廁所和廚房一樣乾淨，甚至多了幽默在裡頭。所以，這篇文章裡提到巴黎人拿金魚放在馬桶水箱裡開玩笑的想法，一點也不誇張。受驚的，是那些怕金魚會被衝到馬桶裡的客人。有誰能想到馬桶水箱可以改成透明的，還拿來養魚呢？恐怕只有在生活上追求浪漫的法國人做得到了。
也許，這一波改造廁所的風潮，又要帶來另一股咖啡廳文化風潮變革了。一種新的生活觀，將在巴黎街頭咖啡廳裡興起。
SARS！殺死？喝沙士？
最近什麼新聞都沒有，只有SARS才是主角！搭捷運強制戴口罩、居家隔離、封城疑雲、利用SARS人身攻擊、12點之前要吃綠豆冰……反正現在最好不要出去爬爬走，大家窩在家除了看電視，也來談談「我的SARS經驗」，無論是防疫經驗、隔離經驗、還是「祖傳」秘方、感人事件，都歡迎大家投稿！
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