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══════════════════【立報】═══════════════════ |
| 教 育 專 題 深 入 報 導《2004-03-25》 |
| 本期內容 | |
| ◎ 是誰 殺了耶穌？ | |
| 是誰 殺了耶穌？ | |
| 策劃、編譯■賴明芝 | |
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受難記引發輿論爭議 到底是誰殺了耶穌？ 這個延續了2千年的歷史、宗教問題，至今仍然沒有確切的答案。基督教、猶太教和天主教，各有說法，莫衷一是。 隨著電影《耶穌受難記》的上演，「耶穌到底是怎麼死」的問題又再度成為討論焦點。據了解，由梅爾‧吉勃遜出資拍攝的《耶穌受難記》，是根據《聖經‧新約》所改編：上帝耶和華之子耶穌，雖出身於猶太人家，因修改教義遭到一些猶太人的嫉恨。後來，耶穌被門徒猶大出賣，被羅馬總督彼拉多處死。 狹隘的教會使命觀，促使這幾千年來猶太人一直背負背叛上帝、出賣耶穌的罪名，甚至引來基督教世界所抱持的反猶太主義。《紐約時報》曾發表一篇關於梅爾‧吉勃遜的文章，特別提到他是一個「傳統的天主教徒」，其信仰之一就是認為猶太人要為耶穌的死負責。諸如此類的說法，使得《耶穌受難記》在拍攝過程中，再次引起了猶太人的恐慌，認為該片反猶太主義色彩過於濃厚。然而，梅爾‧吉勃遜本人則說，他希望本片中所展示出來的是愛與寬恕。 在ABC名主持人黛安‧索耶問及「是誰殺了耶穌」的問題時，梅爾‧吉勃遜回答說：「全人類都有責任，是我們的罪惡打倒了耶穌基督，而耶穌的血卻洗清了我們的罪。」 去年秋天，梅爾‧吉勃遜特地到羅馬梵蒂岡為此片做宣傳。根據《國家天主教報導》（National Catholic Reporter）報導，一位不願公開姓名的教會高層人士表示：「教宗本人已經看過了影片並表示欣賞，他對這部影片的評價是『它就是歷史』。」但教廷方面隨即出面予以否認，這多少也和不願為此片公開背書有些關係。 德國的天主教領袖則以「有問題的」（problematic）形容《耶穌受難記》，他們也是擔心，這部電影會引來反猶太主義的再現。德國天主教主教會議表示：「我們強烈反對任何人拿耶穌受難的題材，作為反猶太主義的工具。」他們擔心，《耶穌受難記》會導致那些不熟悉基督教教義的觀眾產生誤解。猶太人士則呼籲梅爾‧吉勃遜能在影片結尾告訴觀眾，不要責怪猶太人。以色列的首席拉比（Chief Rabbi）也曾強烈要求教宗出面反對這部電影，以免基督徒和猶太人之間的關係受到傷害。 不過，許多信徒倒是把觀賞本片當做重新鞏固信仰的機會。在美國本土，擁有數萬名信眾的馬鞍峰教會，乾脆買下當地一家戲院47場次的2萬張戲票，然後將戲票公開標售，結果30個小時內銷售一空。還有1名德州商人自掏腰包，買了6千張《耶穌受難記》電影票，請他在教會的朋友免費前往觀賞。連在英國，也有4間教堂贈送教友免費的電影票去觀賞此片，做為鼓勵大家聚集在一起，或是吸引那些沒有固定上教堂做禮拜的人，重新投入對耶穌的信仰。 想上電影院觀賞此片的名眾要特別注意字幕內容了，因為，《耶穌受難記》是以阿拉姆語（屬閃米特語族，公元前9世紀通用於古敘利亞，後來一度成為亞洲西南部通用語，猶太人文獻多以此語寫成）和古拉丁語發音。當初梅爾‧吉勃遜向好萊塢提出拍攝本片的企劃案時，各大片廠均認為，這麼做根本不會有市場。沒想到，《耶穌受難記》的票房頗佳，看來這回好萊塢各大片廠的眼光果真誤判了！ Churches Offer Free Movie to Boost Flocks Four Church of England parishes are trying to boost their congregations by offering free cinema tickets to watch Mel Gibson's controversial movie "The Passion of Christ." Four churches in the Archbishop of Canterbury's diocese in the southeastern county of Kent have block-booked 20,000 pounds ($37,020) of tickets to give away for the graphic film depicting the torture and death of Jesus Christ in an effort to drum up new recruits. "Gay bishops being thrown out of the Church is not the sort of publicity we need," Russ Hughes, director of worship and prophecy at St Luke's -- one of the four churches involved in the scheme -- told the Times newspaper Tuesday. "Hopefully this will put the emphasis back on Christ. We are competing for people's attention with things like the 9/11 disaster and Kylie Minogue's rear end, so we are not going to get people in by running a jumble sale. "This is the greatest opportunity for the Church in the last 30 years and if we did not use it we may not get such an opportunity again." The film opens in Britain later this month and the free tickets are being offered to selected non-churchgoers. Poles Rush to See Gibson's Jesus Film Mel Gibson's biblical epic "The Passion of Christ" is so popular in Roman Catholic Poland that parishes across the country have organized special showings and touts are offering tickets at twice face value. Its Polish distributor said on Thursday that in terms of viewers per copy of the controversial film, it did better in its first weekend than Oscar-winning "Lord of the Rings." "We did not expect it to be this popular. It has already topped 500,000 viewers," said Ryszard Pawlicki of film distributors Monolith. Polish bishops have fully endorsed the film and priests are encouraging congregations to see it, despite protests from the small Jewish community that it is anti-Semitic for blaming Jews for Christ's death. That controversy has plagued the film -- and attracted it free publicity -- around the globe. "The depiction of sadistic (Jewish) priests may make it easier for those inclined to think in that way to see sadists in Jews," said Jewish activist Stanislaw Krajewski. Poland, the homeland of Pope John Paul, was chosen as one of the first European countries to show "The Passion," partly because over 90 percent of the population is Catholic. "Priests reserve tickets for whole shows and distribute them in parishes," said Pawlicki. His company is racing against time to produce more copies of the film. Priests say that the film, which graphically depicts the torture and death of Jesus Christ, solidifies people's faith. "After seeing the film, no Catholic can walk away untouched. People will look at the cross in a different way. They will have the suffering Christ in their mind," said Jozef Kloch, spokesman of the Polish Episcopate. Malgorzata Lewicka, a Warsaw University student, said she had never experienced a more solemn atmosphere in a cinema -- not even when watching Steven Spielberg's "Schindler's List" in the 1990s about a man who spared Jews from Nazi death camps. "After the first 10 minutes of the film, all laughs and murmurs ended. People stopping eating popcorn," she said. German Catholics Call Gibson Film 'Problematic' German Catholic leaders called Mel Gibson's film "The Passion of Christ" problematic Thursday and said they were worried it could be used to stir anti-Semitism. The graphic film, portraying Christ's last hours, opened in the United States last week amid a storm of controversy. Some Jewish groups say it blames Jews for Jesus's death. "We urgently warn against using the suffering of Jesus as an instrument for anti-Semitism," the German Bishops' Conference said in a statement at the end of its semi-annual meeting. "With its drastic portrayal of atrocities, the film reduces in a problematic way the message of the Bible," they said. "This can lead to misunderstandings with viewers that are not familiar with Christianity. We believe that accompanying information to better understand the film is needed." Jewish leaders had urged Gibson to appear in an on-screen post-script to tell viewers not to blame Jews. Israel's Chief Rabbi has urged Pope John Paul to speak out against the film to prevent Christian-Jewish relations from being undermined. The Vatican has made no official comment on the film, which opens in Germany on March 18, but top cardinals and archbishops, speaking in a personal capacity, have praised it and said they did not find it anti-Semitic. In the 1960s the Vatican rejected the notion that the Jews were collectively responsible for the death of Jesus. Gibson, a traditionalist Catholic who rejects the 1965 Vatican reforms, has denied the film is anti-Semitic. 耶穌死了，觀眾也死了 由梅爾‧吉勃遜執導，未演先轟動的電影《耶穌受難記》，終於要在台灣上演了。還記得這部片在美國首映之初，警方甚至加派警力駐守在電影院外面，就怕宗教狂熱份子看了電影之後會有什麼意想不到的舉動。所幸截至目前為止，還沒有哪個電影院被抗議民眾給放火燒了。倒是有幾個人在電影院看得太激動，而「蒙主寵召」了！ 《耶穌受難記》描述耶穌被門徒猶大出賣後，在死前12個小時經歷的磨難和掙扎，據說畫面相當血腥，在美國首映當天，阿肯色州有1位56歲的老太太在看到耶穌被釘上十字架時過於激動，當場心臟病發，雖然戲院方面立刻給予急救，但還是回天乏術。 不巧的是，巴西美景市昨天也有一名長老派教會的牧師在和家人及當地教友觀賞此片時死去。這位43歲的牧師名叫荷西‧索雷斯（Jose Geraldo Soares），他的太太表示，電影看到一半，她就發現荷西沒有意識。一名觀看同一個場次的醫生試圖要對牧師進行急救，但是，牧師早已氣絕身亡。出席索雷斯牧師喪禮的柯斯塔說：「牧師一直很平靜地坐在他太太的身旁觀看《耶穌受難記》。」 到現在為止，全球至少有兩個人在觀看《耶穌受難記》死亡。雖然沒有相關數據可以佐證，了解過去到底有多少人在看電影的時候翹辮子，但由於這部電影爭議色彩過於濃厚，使得這兩位在看這部電影時往生的觀眾，格外受到注意。 A Brazilian pastor died of an apparent heart attack while watching the Mel Gibson film "The Passion of the Christ," witnesses say. Jose Geraldo Soares, a 43-year-old Presbyterian pastor, had reserved two movie theaters at a Belo Horizonte shopping mall on Sunday afternoon to see the film with his family and the congregations of two local churches. But halfway through the movie, Soares' wife noticed that he was no longer awake. A doctor who was also watching the film tended to Soares, but the priest was already dead. "He was calmly watching the movie next to his wife," said Amauri Costa, a family friend who also attended Soares' funeral on Monday. Soares is at least the second person to die while watching "The Passion," which opened in Brazil on Friday. Peggy Scott, 56, died of a heart attack on Feb. 25 in Wichita, Kansas while watching film's climactic crucifixion scene. The film, which was praised by Catholic leaders in Brazil as a faithful depiction of events in the Bible, has been criticized by many for its violent and bloody portrayal of Christ's final hours. |
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