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| 教 育 專 題 深 入 報 導《2005-12-16》 |
| 本期內容 | |
| ◎世界貿易組織 到底是誰的組織？ | |
| ◎WTO高峰會前夕 港警突襲印尼勞工 | |
| ◎農民組織 用鼓聲舞步表達不滿 | |
| ◎台灣立報徵文啟事 | |
| 世界貿易組織 到底是誰的組織？ | |
| 策劃、編譯■唐澄暐、侯美如、成怡夏 | |
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摘要內據「世間監察世貿聯盟」（HKPA）網站報導，菲律賓人民第一黨代表以及發言人泰迪‧卡辛諾（Teddy Casino），6日在國會上針對菲律賓在世界貿易組織（WTO）裡的常駐會員身份作出質詢。他表示：「再怎麼想，WTO都不是由人民選出來的政府，但由它的行事作風來看，WTO儼然是世界上最有力的偽司法立法政體。」 卡辛諾認為，WTO推動多國合作的「自由貿易」，更甚於重視地方社會、勞工、人權，以及環境等議題，這已經全面性的壓迫世界各國的政權、經濟，還有政治的獨立性。 他表示：「成立10年來，由法人律師組成的WTO各個小組定下明文，公然加劇窮困弱國的貧窮問題。WTO其實等於接管了那些政府，並武斷地對當地原有的政權發號施令、頒布對那些國家不利的修正案和法律。各國政府的貿易、農業、勞工組織官員也開始對WTO言聽計從，更別提那些高層執行官。」 這個激進的立法委員，同時也是抗爭意見的發言人，認為WTO對全世界施加的權威力量甚至比聯合國這般的組織敢施加的力量大得多。「不同於聯合國、國際勞工組織、或是多邊環境協定，WTO掌握大權並強制施行自己的規則，而擁有比任何國聯團體都要大的權力，甚至可以壓過一般國家政府。」 卡辛諾說，將會有2百名菲律賓激進活動份子集合於香港，抗議這次第6屆WTO的部長高峰會議。 「當1995年WTO初成立時，它將推動自由貿易視為促進發展的關鍵，並以此設定自己的計畫。10年後的現在，就連發展中國家也不免咬牙譴責它的政策。WTO所謂的自由貿易背後的犧牲品，是上百萬生活困苦的窮人、勞工的福址。WTO的所作所為全世界有目共睹。而我們不禁要問：『世界貿易組織到底是誰的貿易組織啊？』答案就近在眼前：WTO單是由美國及它的合夥國經營及控制的，勞工的福祉利益從來就不是它的主要關心。」 「這樣的WTO經營10年實在太久了。也該是認真思考『這到底是誰的貿易組織』的時候了。看來它並不屬於也不加惠地球村多數的公民。WTO照顧的是龐大的跨國企業、還有少數最富裕的開發中及已開發國家，同時一方面也嚴重打擊貧窮國家的福利。」 最後，卡辛諾表示菲律賓激進份子、農民、勞工以及婦女將會走上香港街頭表示對WTO的強烈抗議。而他們關心的不只是菲律賓的問題；他們認為WTO的政策是造成全世界窮人及勞工生活困苦的原因。 他做結論說：「WTO在於農業、勞工、移民、企業私營化、還有貿易自由上施加的是會帶給全世界百萬人口毀滅末日的魔咒。菲律賓政府應該聲明放棄繼續參與這個惡名昭彰的機構，並主張自己的經濟和政治獨立。」 原文 Spokesperson and Bayan Muna Representative Ted-dy Casino today questioned in Congress the Philip-pines' continuing membership in the the World Trade Organization (WTO). "The W TO is not by any stretch of the imagination an estbalished or elected govern-ment; but from the way it conduct itself, it has become the most powerful pseudo-legislative and judicial body in the world," he said. Casino said that by promoting the "free trade" a-genda of multinational corporations above the in-terests of local communities, working families, hu-man rights and environment concerns, the WTO has systematically violated the sovereignty, eco-nomic and political independence of countries all over the world. "In the ten years of its existence, WTO panels composed of corporate attorneys have made rul-ings that patently aggravate the already immense poverty of poorer, weaker nations and their peo-ples. The WTO has essentially taken over the gov-ernments and unilaterally laid down disastrous a-mendments to internal laws and charters of supposed-ly sovereign states. Trade, agriculture and labor offi-cials of governments all ove r the world, to say nothing of the top executives, are essentially takin their cues from the WTO," he said. The activist lawmaker and Resist spokespersom said that the the WTO is even imposing global authori-ty greater than than institutions such as the United Na-tions (UN) dares to impose. "Unlike UN treaties, the International Labor Organization conventions, or mul-tilateral environmental agreements, the WTO cracks its whip and enforces its rules through sanctions. This gives the WTO more power than any other internation-al body. The WTO's authority even eclipses national governments," he said. Casino said that more than more than 200 activists from the Philippines will gather in Hong Kong this Decem-ber to protest against the WTO's 6th Ministerial Meet-ing. "When the WTO was founded in 1995, it projected its supposed mandate to promote free trade as the key to development. Now, 10 years later, even developing country governments are embittered by the WTO and denounce its policies. The welfare of millions of poor and working people have been sacrificed on the WTO's altar of free trade. The WTO and its corporate agenda have been has been fully exposed. Peoples of the world ask "WTO is the WTO?" , or "Whose trade organiza-tion is the WTO? and the answer is swift in coming: the WTO is solely run and controlled by the superpow-ers led by the US and it transnational and multination-al corporations. It is not and has never been an institu-tion that had the betterment of the working peoples' welfare as its agenda." "Ten years of the WTO is way too much. Now is the time to ask: Whose trade organization is it? It does not appear to belong to or benefit the majority of the world's citizens. The WTO system favors huge multi-national companies and the wealthiest few in devel-oped and developing countries, violently attacking the welfare of the poor." Finally, Casino said that in Hong Kong later this month, Filipino activists - farmers, workers, immi-grants, and women -- will register their strong protest a-gainst the WTO, linking its policies to the suffering in the daily lives of the poor and working people of the world, not just of the Philippines. "The WTO's policies on agriculture, labor, immigra-tion, privatization, and trade liberalization spell doom for millions of people in the world. The Philippine gov-ernment should renoucne membership to this infamous organization and assert economic independence and political indepedence," he concluded.HKPA |
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| （回目錄） | |
| WTO高峰會前夕 港警突襲印尼勞工 | |
| 策劃、編譯■唐澄暐、侯美如、成怡夏 | |
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Raids Target Migrant Workers as WTO Summit Nears 獨立媒體中心網站報導，12月10日週六，就在第六屆部長級WTO高峰會前3天，香港警方突襲印尼移民勞工聯盟（IMWU）的辦公室，雖然沒有人在這場突擊中受傷或被警方帶走，不過，運動人士卻認為，這場突襲是香港對於運動人士擴大採取鎮壓行動的一部份。 警方在下午兩點左右進入IMWU辦公室，質問在場者被藝術家當成旗桿的竹竿，將在週日上午的印尼文化慶典中如何使用，並要求在場者都拿出護照和其他證件檢查。 印尼藝術家暨全球正義學會發起人瑞維區尤索表示：「警方這麼做讓我們覺得很不安全。我們擔心，不是今晚就是明天，他們還會再來。」 運動人士認為，這場突襲顯示了這些在全球化經濟體系中扮演重要角色的移民，其地位的不堪與脆弱。這些勞工在當地只享有極少的權利，更多的甚至連任何權利都沒有。 「很明顯，警方採取了恐嚇手段，想要威脅他們不得去參加WTO抗議遊行。當局知道有很多移民勞工期盼參與這次的反WTO大會，印尼移民勞工聯盟與印尼農民團體農民之路（Via Campesina）以及許多積極的抗議團體一同策劃了這場集會。」當地運動策動者提瓦瑞這麼說。 就在IMWU遭到突襲前兩天，3名菲律賓運動人士抵達香港富豪赤 角機場時遭航管局滯留，5個小時中，警方審問她們涉入WTO抗議行動的程度。這3名女性是某工運團體、某女性組織及某反戰團體的領導者，這3個團體在WTO抗議行動中扮演重要角色，其中一個團體還帶了3百名會員前來參與。來自菲律賓人民第一黨（Bayan Muna）的卡西羅認為，這是香港政府干預的明顯例證。當地媒體的報導中更批露，香港政府已掌握抗議者的「黑名單」，屆時將阻擋這些人入境。 根據瑞維區尤索的說法，印尼勞工在香港是最受欺壓也是最有組織的移民勞工。外交領事甚至鼓勵雇用這些勞工的雇主，強迫他們在接下來3個週日的時間工作，以避免他們參與預定在這幾天舉辦的反WTO集會。傳統上，週日是本地勞工一週內唯一可以休息的日子，瑞維區尤索解釋說，許多老闆用恐嚇的方式阻止勞工參與維多利亞公園的集會。 瑞維區尤索說，這場突襲對勞工發出了某種訊號，就是：「如果你去參加集會，那麼小心了，那麼你可能就得回家鄉去。」他說，香港政府以及WTO都不站在印尼朋友這邊。他認為：「人們必須意識到移民勞工也有權利在好的條件下生活與工作。」 上週兩名勞工從40多層樓高的建物下墜樓身亡，4月的時候，另一名印尼勞工也在類似的情境下墜樓身亡，她的雇主嫌疑重大，這些是移民勞工遭雇主虐待的最極端的案例。一項針對超過1千位香港印尼勞工之調查顯示，這些勞工獲得工作機會離開印尼，與回到印尼後遭到的剝削與惡劣條件並無二致。在香港，移民勞工面臨最嚴重的問題是工資過少。一名來自艾迪帕拉的移民勞工尚米亞頓解釋道：「有8個月，我一毛錢都沒有拿到過。之後，我每個月領港幣2千元薪水。」調查中，有40％的移民勞工做出相同的陳述，他們的薪資遠比香港本地勞工最低工資的3,270元低上許多。 週日上午﹐印尼社團為這兩名勞工守夜。印尼移民團體和全球正義組織舉辦文化典禮開幕儀式﹐以反對WTO部長級會議的舉行。除了一個多觸手的巨大WTO恐龍玩偶肖像外﹐還有上千隻竹旗桿將構成印尼文化慶典中「受壓迫者劇院」的關鍵成分。瑞維區尤索希望可以藉此喚醒大眾對於全球化勞工議題的良知。 目前﹐IMWU面臨的最大挑戰是克服恐懼。上週日原本預計有5千人參與遊行﹐不過在警力介入和雇主施壓下﹐只有3千人出席。 |
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| （回目錄） | |
| 農民組織 用鼓聲舞步表達不滿 | |
| 策劃、編譯■唐澄暐、侯美如、成怡夏 | |
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摘要 12月14日的香港，早上有4百人參加「領事館巡迴」抗議活動，反對服務貿易總協定（GATS）和基層服務私有化。隊伍行經金鐘和灣仔行政區時分散成數個小隊，分頭向印尼、菲律賓、尼泊爾、斯里蘭卡、泰國和美國的領事館推進。 抗議者隨後重新集合並走向會議展覽中心附近的卸貨區。此時警方企圖分散群眾，並把韓國代表孤立在遊行隊伍的前端。20位韓國農民趁機突破警方的防線，隨即對封鎖前往會議中心道路的鎮暴警察發動突擊。警方此時立刻以警棍和胡椒噴霧對付奪下10來面警盾的農民。1小時後，農民把警盾歸還後散去。 其他被警方驅散的抗議者，隨後也衝向警方的防線。最後，所有的抗議者都離去了。稍後警方向媒體宣稱，本來就已預期警盾會被奪走，並不感到意外。 維多利亞公園裡，WTO人民行動週的集會仍日夜持續，但原定前往會議中心抗議的漁民抗議隊伍卻取消了。部份活動者推測取消的理由與警方日前的突擊行動有關。 傍晚，約兩百位韓國農民，穿戴反世貿標語的斗笠和米色背心，集結在銅鑼灣的SOGO百貨旁邊。他們多數舉燭席地而坐，部分農民將蠟燭分送給好奇的旁觀者。「一起來反抗WTO吧！」農民分送蠟燭時對人們說。農民們擊鼓表演文化舞蹈。演講者感謝香港居民，儘管媒體對韓國抗議者盡是負面報導，香港人仍對他們溫情款待。 忽然鼓聲大作，原本平和的中年農民臉孔一變，開始狂放地踢腿，像蛇一樣扭曲跳著詭異的舞步，隨即繞起了大圓圈一路衝上街道，記者開始搶位子拍照，遠處的警方還在一頭霧水。韓國農民、Via Campesina農民組織成員和其他反世貿成員開始在一面上面清楚寫了一個「幹」字的紅白藍三色骷髏條紋旗上頓足狂舞，隨即在韓國農民的帶領下竄入街道。興奮的抗議者衝向往維多利亞公園的馬路，前往巴士等待的地點。鼓聲平息，農民登上這台老爺巴士駛去，其他人也各自解散。 （資料來源／Target: WTO!，http://www.targetwto.revolt.org/node/78） 原文 Hong Kong, December 14- In the morning four hundred people participated in a "Consulate Hopping" protest march against the General Agreement on Trade and Services (GATS) and the privatization of basic services. The procession wound through the Admiralty and Wan Chai districts and split into smaller groups targeting the Indonesian, Phillipine, Nepali, Sri Lankan, Thai and US consulates. The protesters regrouped and marched to a loading zone near the Convention and Exhibition Center. Police split the crowd, isolating the Korean delegation at the head of the march. Twenty Korean farmers successfully broke through a line of police offi-cers. They then charged the lines of riot police who blocked the road leading to the convention center. Riot police swung police batons and pepper-sprayed the farmers, who nonetheless man-aged to wrest away ten riot shields. An hour later, the farmers re-turned the shields and dispersed. Some of the other protesters-who had been separated from the Korean delegation by the police-then rushed the police lines. Eventually, all of the protesters left. Later, the police told the press that the "capturing" of police shields was not exceptional and had actually been anticipated. A full day of rallies, part of the People's Action Week on WTO, continued at Victoria Park. But the Fisherfolks March, which was scheduled to leave from the park for the convention center, was canceled. Some activists speculate that the cancellation may have been related to an earlier scare when Hong Kong police al-legedly threatened to raid the places where the Korean delega-tion members are staying. Other workshops and plenaries included topics such as WTO, Food Sovereignty and Alternatives to Globalization; Defending Water Commons; and Building Solidarity Amongst Garment, Farm and Other Migrant Workers from San Francisco to Hong Kong. In the evening, nearly two hundred Korean farmers-wearing their trademark straw hats and beige vests inscribed with an-ti-WTO slogans-assembled in the street next to a Sogo depart-ment store in Causeway Bay. Most of them sat on the ground holding lit candles while several farmers offered more candles to crowds of curious onlookers. 『Let's fight WTO together," a farmer said as he handed can-dles to people.The farmers performed cultural dances and drummed. Speakers thanked Hong Kong residents for their warmth and hospitality in spite of the unfavorable press coverage that had been circulating about Korean protesters. The assembly, which had been calm, then broke out into unex-pected dancing as the drumming rapidly intensified. The contrast was startling. Previously placid faces of the farmers-mostly men in their thirties and older-shone as they kicked their legs reck-lessly. Dancing in a snakelike formation, the farmers circled the area and pushed further into the street as confused cops watched from afar and reporters jostled for better positions. Korean farm-ers, Via Campesina delegates, and other anti-WTO activists stomped and danced upon a red, white and blue flag of skulls and stripes on which the word "Fuck" had been written prominently. The festivities, led by the Korean farmers, spilled out into the street. Thrilled participants ran down streets to Victoria Park and then to a location where buses had arrived. The drumming con-cluded and the farmers boarded the buses in an orderly fashion. The buses pulled away as the remaining protesters dispersed. Although police lines and barricades still separate protestors from the Hong Kong Convention Center, the battle outside the conference and the battle inside are undeniably joined. The widespread street actions in Seattle at the 1999 WTO Ministerial are credited with providing delegates from under-developed countries the opportunity to move against the proposals pushed by more powerful countries. During the opening plenary of the 2005 Ministerial meeting on Tuesday, delegates from NGO's held up placards with statements like "WTO kills farmers." Oth-ers unfurled a banner reading "no deal is better than a bad deal," echoing the chants of protestors outside. And as protestors vow to keep trying to break into the convention center, the alliance of African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries are holding firm against the "free-trade" agenda being advanced by the US and European Union. On the second day of negotiations the US brought forward an offer of "aid for trade." In return for tariff reductions totaling $62 billion, a "development package" amounting to less than a penny per person, per day would be given to under-developed countries. Promises of aid have often been unfulfilled in the past, and there are no specifics given about distrubution-including whether aid would be in the form of grants or loans that would only increase the heavy debt burden of under-developed countries. Honorable Sheila Kawamara Mishambi from the East African Legislative Assembly dismissed the "aid for trade" deal outright as "a smoke screen to smuggle in other issues that do not benefit us." Since the last ministerial meeting in Cancun, India, Brazil and Argentina continue to align with the richest nations, hoping to further their own interests against those of other under-devel-oped countries. But the African nations and others from less de-veloped countries (LDCs) have decided to "swim together or sink together," and key negotiations on agriculture and services con-tinue to be stalled. According to Lori Wallach, Director of Public Citizen's Trade Watch, the offer made by the US today "actually highlights the crisis at the WTO when the Bush administration has to cook up a development package to try to get the develop-ing countries to not walk out of the negotiations." |
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| （回目錄） | |
| 台灣立報徵文啟事 | |
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