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══════════════════【立報】═══════════════════ |
| 教 育 專 題 深 入 報 導《2006-05-12》 |
| 本期內容 | |
| ◎國際專題：聲音與憤怒的交會：歐洲社會論壇策劃、編譯 | |
| ◎婦團反對伊斯蘭基本教義派出席 | |
| ◎吾思吾師 找回教師熱情與尊嚴徵文比賽 | |
| 國際專題：聲音與憤怒的交會：歐洲社會論壇策劃、編譯 | |
| 侯美如、成怡夏 | |
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歐洲社會論壇（European Social Forum，ESF）是以目標「另類全球化」的活動者組織而成的年度研討會，他們支持國際合作，但主張民主、環保、性別平等、經濟公義，且人權價值高於純粹商業利益。為了協調活動、分享點子，自2002年起，每年有許多社會運動組織、貿易協會、非政府組織、和平反帝國團體、反種族歧視運動者、環境保護運動及被社會忽略的聲音聚首，以國際議題商討歐洲的未來。然而，這樣一個以善意為出發點的會談，卻在上週六（5月6日）演變成一場暴動。 第4屆歐洲社會論壇ESF在上週四開始，早已計畫好週六下午暴動的ESF，會吸引各方反抗團體群集也是無可厚非。當地警方雖然早已料到會有暴動發生，並調動8千名員警戒備雅典市中心及政府大樓、英美大使館，反抗事件仍然發生得令他們措手不及。示威群眾中僅少數為無政府主義者。根據警方描述，暴動結束時，他們已有2輛警車毀於汽油彈，位於市中心的花旗銀行也難逃炸彈攻擊。其他更多的抗議團體由小徑湧入雅典最繁華熱鬧的Ermou大街，整條街的商家們，尤其是麥當勞、鱷魚牌等跨國連鎖企業，店面玻璃幾乎全毀。 外界早已料到反全球化活動者會有抗議攻擊，而政府不公平的反移民法更是在抗議者的怒火上加油：希臘1千萬人口中占10分之1的移民人口無法在社會上取得地位或任何人權保護，在希臘法律規範之下──或者應該說，在缺乏適當法律的情形之下──沒有任何一個移民可以得到公民身分、或者是居住權。無法受到法律保護的移民，自然淪為受人剝削的廉價勞工，當地人不願意做的工作都落到他們的身上。 那些移民多是阿爾巴尼亞及巴基斯坦人，而這次的集會中也不乏前兩者的面孔。不過，巴基斯坦籍的抗議者否認和這次的暴動有關係。一位巴基斯坦青年表示：「我們沒有參與暴力活動，我們也不知道誰是這次暴動的元兇。」不過問起他走上街頭抗議的原因，他的答案相當篤定：「沒有我們，希臘的經濟早就垮了；但是看看，希臘又給了我們些什麼？」反移民法早就是希臘國內的大問題了，只是藉著這次歐洲社會論壇的集會爆發出來。 暴動當天甚至還有大人物出馬，根據當地媒體報導，歐洲議會（European Parliament）義大利籍成員卡塔尼亞（Giusto Catania）也在抗議者之列，卡塔尼亞是歐洲與其他國家關係代表的代理人，負責伊朗、馬格里布（北非沿地中海地區）及阿拉伯馬格里布聯盟間的關係協調；另外，左翼聯盟的希臘國會議員拉法詹尼斯（Panayiotis Lafazanis），以及人權鬥士名律師柯陀維克（Ioanna Kourtovik）都參加了這場暴動，領導ESF群眾闖入警局，試圖為了非法移民拘留地慘不忍睹的生活環境抗議；而這幾名領導者隨後並受到拘留羈押。 如此看來，移民議題可是這次ESF活動的重心。就連原本關心議題不是移民法的民間團體和左派組織們也紛紛應移民團體的請求前來助陣。有的移民在希臘住了快一輩子，卻從來沒有受過公正平等的對待，眼看他們的下一代就要踏入一樣的輪迴，而抗議團體要求的只是給予那些不幸移民們該有的正義和補償而已。 當然，阿爾巴尼亞及巴基斯坦籍移民們的與會，更煽起示威群眾的激動情緒，他們呼喊著口號「另一個歐洲」（Another Europe is Possible），在已經完整的政治的、經濟的、信仰的、文化的歐洲上，更要求一個「集體的」、所有歐洲人互相扶持一起發展的歐洲，期望一個不再因為部分人富有而導致另一部份人落入貧窮的歐洲。 抗議群眾中一位少女揮舞著旗幟，她表示：「我們必須為移民爭取權益，因為沒有任何政黨願意扛起這個任務。而現在也該是正義展現力量的時候了。」有的示威者舉著反對美國總統布希的布條，有些則舉著反伊拉克戰爭的標語，伊斯蘭文化出身的巴基斯坦及阿爾巴尼亞人自然很快就吸收了反戰的情緒。更有些暴動者朝雅典市中心的英國大使館擲石攻擊。 為期4天的ESF為雅典帶來了各方的抗議聲音：反戰團體為了伊拉克戰爭而群起對希臘政府及英美提出抗議；反全球化份子則遵循自G8（美、加、英、法、德、義、俄、日等世界八大工業國）會議之後的傳統，凡大型國際會議必出席示威；其他的則是為了希臘境內的移民而站出來嗆聲。與其說今年的ESF是場多方會談，倒不如形容它為四面八方吹來憤怒風暴的大集合。 而這幾股合流的力量可是ESF轉變的新契機。過去ESF的動力都來自信念相去不遠、喊著相同口號的成員，現在的局勢則昭告著新型社會改革運動的來臨：反對團體不再只是靜坐著隱忍憤怒，而是拉開喉嚨伸張自己擁護的正義；抗議活動也不再只由非政府團體組成，現在，社會各階層都有自己參加示威的理由，而他們也都勇敢地加入ESF的行列。 （資料來源：http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?id-news=33151） EUROPEAN SOCIAL FORUM:A Cocktail of Anger Erupts The two came together naturally at the European Social Forum (ESF) that began Thursday. ESF participants had planned a large demonstration through Athens for Saturday afternoon. The police were expecting trouble, but were still caught off guard. The centre of Athens was cordoned off all afternoon by heavy police contingents. Government buildings and the em-bassies of the United States and Britain were under visibly heavy protection. It was a small group from the demonstration, believed to be the Anarchists. The police said at the end of the day that two of their vehicles were damaged by petrol bombs. Petrol bombs also damaged a Citibank building, the police said. The attacks had clearly been planned beforehand. Other groups emerged from the side streets on Ermou street, the most fashionable shopping centre in Athens. They attacked stores, particularly those of multinational chains such as McDonald's and Lacoste. Several glass panes were smashed along the street in hit and run attacks. Anti-globalisation anarchists picked their predictable tar-gets, but the demonstrators' anger was clearly fuelled by the government's anti- immigration policies that keep close to a million people in a population of 10 million without rights and without status. The majority of migrants who live in Greece without status are Albanians and Pakistanis. The demonstrators Saturday in-cluded large numbers of Albanians and clearly thousands of Pakistanis. "We have not engaged in any violence," a Pakistani demon-strator said at the end of the rally. "We do not know who did this," he added. No one else in the group of Pakistanis around him was ready to discuss the violence. Under Greek law -- or the lack of it -- almost no migrant is given citizenship, or even residence rights. Migrants have in effect become a cheap and vulnerable labour force for jobs that Greeks are either unable or unwilling to do. "This economy cannot function without us," the Pakistani youth said. "But what are they giving us? Nothing." The illegality issue had been waiting to surface at the Euro-pean Social Forum. According to local reports, Italian Member of the European Parliament Giusto Catania, Synaspismos Left Coalition MP Panayiotis Lafazanis and prominent human rights lawyer Ioan-na Kourtovik were detained when they led a group of ESF supporters into a police station to protest against inhuman conditions in which illegal immigrants are detained. At the European Social Forum centre, this has emerged as the dominant issue. Several civil society and left groups not di-rectly involved with immigration issues have been coming to-gether to back demands by migrant groups for justice at last for migrants who have lived without status for a generation, and for a new generation that has grown up without status. The heavy Albanian and Pakistani presence among the demonstrators brought immediacy to calls for justice under the slogan 'Another Europe is Possible'. "We have to get justice for migrants because none of the political parties are taking this up," said a young demonstrator. She held up a banner which she said meant 'It's late enough al-ready; time for justice now'. Other demonstrators carried banners against U.S. President George W. Bush. Several demonstrators raised slogans against the Iraq war. The anti-war sentiment also found natural support among the Pakistanis and Albanians among the demonstrators, both Muslim groups. Several among the demonstrators threw stones at the British embassy building in central Athens. The ESF seems to have put together a cocktail of anger. Some of the anger was against the Greek, the U.S. and the British governments over the war in Iraq, some followed a tra-dition of anti-globalisation protests that began at a meeting of the G8 (leading eight industrialised nations - the United States, Canada, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Russia and Japan), and some of it was over the denial of rights to migrants living in Greece. But together it marked a change for the ESF where it was thought the like-minded gather to talk about what they al-ready agree on. The militancy that arose from this ESF could be a signal that the social forum movement is now prepared to go much further than talking - and not through Anarchists alone. |
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| （回目錄） | |
| 婦團反對伊斯蘭基本教義派出席 | |
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一個法國女權團體上週五表示，基於抗議邀請伊斯蘭基本教義派人士擔任講員，他們拒絕參加在雅典舉辦的歐洲社會論壇。 婦女團結工會（Femmes Solidaires）譴責伊斯蘭學者塔力克‧拉曼但的出席，此人的祖父發起穆斯林弟兄會運動（Muslim Brotherhood Movement）；並表示這個反全球化的論壇冒著變成「立場與價值與女權對立的組織或講員」的平台。 婦女團結工會表示，她們後悔在支持頭巾的團體出席，並指責：「宗教基本教義派在歐洲興起，導致女權嚴重的倒退。」 這個團體代表了185個法國權力團體，總共有2萬5千個會員，並以諮詢的角色與聯合國合作。 這個周末，第四屆歐洲社會論壇期待吸引超過來自全球1萬5千名反資本主義，右翼和環境運動者。 論壇的組織者已經排出了210個研討會日程，主題範圍從第三世界救助、反戰動員到同性戀權利，以及維護水資源的努力。 |
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| （回目錄） | |
| 吾思吾師 找回教師熱情與尊嚴徵文比賽 | |
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| （回目錄） | |
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