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══════════════════【立報】═══════════════════ |
| 教 育 專 題 深 入 報 導《2006-05-19》 |
| 本期內容 | |
| ◎國際專題：利比亞觀光業秘密配方：碧海 藍天 再加一點神秘感 | |
| ◎委內瑞拉總統查維茲與格達費會面 | |
| ◎迦納移民在利比亞遭虐待 | |
| ◎吾思吾師 找回教師熱情與尊嚴徵文比賽 | |
| 國際專題：利比亞觀光業秘密配方：碧海 藍天 再加一點神秘感 | |
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中世紀建築摩洛哥、艷陽沙灘突尼西亞，以及神秘金字塔埃及，一提到北非旅遊，這3個國家可是度假客心中的首選。然而，同樣處於地中海南岸的利比亞，其命運卻與那些熱門景點大相逕庭──想到利比亞，外人總把它和反西方世界以及恐怖主義連結。而現在，這個非洲第4大的國家正要擺脫過去的「恐怖」陰影，重建觀光新形象，和西方世界重修舊好，軍事領導強人格達費（Muammar Gaddafi）也軟化對美國的態度，並於本週一（15日）與美恢復全面外交關係。 旅遊達人的智慧告訴我們，探訪異國的最佳時機就是「搶在大家發現它之前」。法國來的旅行家柯麗娜（Corinna）就很高興她這次拔得了頭籌：「現在來這裡玩景色正美。」讓柯麗娜心醉不已的是利比亞首都的黎波里（Tripoli）Al-Saraya al-Hamra博物館前的羅馬雕像，該館雖然不如埃及開羅博物館熱門，甚至名聲也不比利比亞的國家博物館（Jamahiriya Mu-seum），鮮為歐人所知，但也是世界遺產中的一顆明珠。其實，利比亞國內的古蹟美景絕對不輸歐洲國家，的黎波里甚至還有「地中海寶石」的美名，被譽為地中海沿岸最美麗的都市，它融合傳統利比亞、土耳其及阿拉伯之美，展現傳統與現代的交會。 全世界都以為利比亞還是過去的觀光禁區，但其實現在它已展開雙臂歡迎各路遊客，解除了外交凍結的利比亞，正以其特有魅力登上國際舞台：如果希臘羅馬遺跡不吸引你，這裡還有史前古老沙漠、以及沿著1,250哩碧海沙攤的簡單潛水運動可供選擇；看膩了豔陽下白牆建築也沒關係，盡可走進博物館享受一場文化歷史的洗禮。全球著名的企業經營策略諮詢公司摩立特集團（Monitor Group）及劍橋能源研究會（Cambridge Energy Research Associates，CERA）針對日前利比亞的經濟作評估報告，其中一位學者辛格‧莫烈厄斯（Rajeev Singh-Molares）表示：「如果利比亞善用這些資源採取行動，它將擊敗群芳成為世界旅遊大國。」 而這波觀光業的復甦可要感謝利比亞政治局勢的改變：過去利比亞的國際形象一直和恐怖份子脫不了關係，自1969年軍事政權成立以來，格達費窮兵黷武，屢次和鄰國埃及、查得（Chad）以及美國大開戰事，並在羅馬及維也納進行恐怖攻擊；其後，1986年製造西柏林夜總會爆炸案，1988年涉及蘇格蘭上空炸毀泛美班機攻擊事件，當時共有270人死亡，隔年又在非洲尼日境內炸毀另一架班機。這些行為令各國髮指，直至2003年利比亞坦承兩件客機爆炸案前，該國都處於被國際放逐的狀態。而利比亞和世界關係重修舊好的這幾年，也正是國內旅遊業復生的契機。 不過，專家表示利比亞觀光業的發展腳步可能不會太快。它蘇維埃式的經濟長久下來已經被僵硬的官僚制度、金融巨頭、以及部分私營企業絆住，更別提政府通過簽證時的繁複手續及耗時。根據Monitor及CERA提供的數據，這個以產油為主要經濟活動的國家平均一年只有30萬旅客進入，僅是拜訪中東北非人數的0.5％。其中，每年都有6百萬觀光客湧進旅遊聖地摩洛哥及突尼西亞，重量級狠腳色埃及更有850萬旅遊人數的人氣，看來要和埃及平起平坐稱霸北非觀光業，利比亞還有好長一段路要走。 但總地來說利比亞還是富有潛力。而今年3月，53個國家7千位西方觀光客為了一睹日蝕難得的景象而來到利比亞，這可是個大展身手的好時機。利比亞打算利用這個機會打響國際知名度，同時帶動國內經濟，降低高達30％的失業率。另外，過去因為涉嫌和恐怖主義掛鉤而和世界「斷線」的20多年，也為利比亞增添一份神秘的丰采。陽光沙灘，再加上一點神秘感，這就是利比亞復出國際的新利器。 然而，利比亞國內的制度建設卻可能為前途璀璨的觀光業減分。光是去年利比亞就爭取到30億的商業投資，該國政府表示這筆預算將成為一系列的海岸線觀光複合專案的推手；但各界懷疑，投資者也許會被繁複的官方手續嚇跑。 莫烈厄斯則認為，經濟支持是其次，最重要的應該是「想辦法讓一切上軌道」，對於一個急於將國內經濟現代化的國家而言，更需要行政、教育、財政、及金融方面的徹底改革，基本的具體細節都照顧到了，國家才有雄厚的國力發展專心新事業。此外，莫烈厄斯更在簽證一事上對利比亞政府相當不滿：「要拿到利比亞簽證簡直難上天，光是想進入一個國家旅行就得等上45天，這種政策非改不可。」對此，利比亞終於提出改善方案，目前有專人處理申請服務的「快速簽證」，提供大型觀光團體入境時使用。但專家仍認為簽證上的限制絕對會讓利比亞絆手絆腳的，尤其實在部份摩洛哥及突尼西亞也有權利提供歐盟國家入境簽證的地區，利比亞更無競爭力可言。 另外，即使國外旅客都順利進到國內了，利比亞的內部觀光產業卻是漏洞百出：飯店旅館嚴重缺乏專業訓練人士及精通外語的服務員，甚至全國所有旅館裡，只有一家符合Monitor和CERA認可具有國際標準的服務。在撒哈拉最古城格達梅斯（Ghadames）經營企業的耶德爾（Abdurrahman Yedder），也認為缺乏服務經驗的接待員會阻礙國家觀光業的發展，他更點出民族性可能造成的問題：利比亞人不願意從事服務生等或許具有奴僕性質的工作。他表示：「我們國內勤於建造新的公共建設，觀光業的前景無限美好。但利比亞人只想對下面發號施令、不想聽命令動作，因此你很難看到利比亞服務生在擦桌子或清掃洗手間，那些工作永遠都是埃及等外勞的責任。」 擁有再好的地利、自然條件，若缺乏合宜的配套措施或心態調整，觀光業也不可能長久發展下去，急於大開門戶的利比亞顯然這下還沒做好迎接世界各國觀光客的準備，結果是哭是笑，待看利比亞國內體質如何轉變。（資料來源／路透社） Most vacationers seeking a north African break tend to think of Morocco's exquisite medieval cities or the beaches of sun-kissed Tunisia. And that's usually only after ticking Egypt and its an-cient wonders off their "Seen That" list. But Libya? Africa's fourth-largest country remains an unusual destination: Outsiders still tend to associate it with defiance of the West and international disputes about ter-rorism. However, the country on the Mediterranean's southern shores is expecting steady growth in tourism as a thaw in ties between the West and leader Muammar Gaddafi erodes years of isolation. Conventional travelers' wisdom says the best time to visit exotic places is before everyone discovers them. Corinna, a French visitor, was glad she beat the crowds. "It is beautiful to come here now," she said, gazing in awe at a Roman statue in Tripoli's Al-Saraya al-Hamra museum, one of the jewels of a heritage as little known to European travelers as Egypt's is familiar. "The people (in Europe) think that this country is really closed. But now it is open for all people." If ancient Roman and Greek ruins do not appeal, there are prehistoric desert sites and a fledgling scuba diving sector along Libya's unspoiled 1,250-mile coastline. "If Libya got its act together, it could be a tourism world beater," said Rajeev Singh-Molares, one of the authors of a report on the Libyan economy by Monitor Group con-sultants and Cambridge Energy Research Associates (CERA). "Libya has extraordinary assets, and by that I mean not only the Roman and Greek ruins but also the beach and desert." ECLIPSE SHOWS WAY Tourism has begun stirring thanks to politics: Libya cast off more than a decade of international ostracism in 2003 when it accepted responsibility and began paying compensation for the bombing of airliners over Scotland and Niger in 1988 and 1989. Progress will not be rapid, however. The Soviet-style econ-omy is hampered by stifling bureaucracy, archaic banks, a weak private sector and a reluctance to issue visas rapidly. Oil-dependent Libya receives just 300,000 visitors annually, just 0.5 percent of the total number of tourists visiting Middle East and North African countries, the Monitor/CERA report said. That compares poorly to the almost 6 million people who visit Morocco and Tunisia each year. And it may be generations before Libya can compete seriously with world tourism heavy-weight Egypt, which gets 8.5 million visitors annually. But the potential is there. Libya showed a little of what it can do in March when it wel-comed 7,000 mostly Western visitors from 53 nationalities to view a solar eclipse. The event was meant to stir interest in Libya, which hopes its isolation during almost two decades of sanctions for alleged past support of terrorism may have given it a touch of mystery. It also hopes tourism can help tackle unemployment, running at up to 30 percent according to unofficial estimates. VISA CURBS The country plans to build a series of tourism complexes on the coast, having won investment commitments of $3 billion in 2005 alone, according to the authorities. But many suspect red tape may make most investors wary. "The fundamental problem that Libya has today is getting things to work," Singh-Molares said. "That's where the focus has to be in terms of modernizing the economy." "It has to be on administrative reform, it has to be on educa-tion reform, monetary policy reform, banking system reform -- the kind of nuts-and-bolts fundamentals." "It's so difficult to get visas to go into the country: there's no point talking about reform if it takes 45 days to approve a tourist visa. That's got to change." Some "fast track" processing has been started for large groups of tourists traveling with approved operators. But experts say visa curbs will continue to handicap Libya in a region where rivals Morocco and Tunisia issue visas to Euro-pean Union member nationals on arrival. Training and language skills are sorely lacking in hotels, and the Monitor/CERA report identified only one international standard hotel in the entire country. Entrepreneur Abdurrahman Yedder, who is based in Ghadames, one of the Sahara's oldest cities, said tourism was be-ing held back by a lack of experience in service industries and a reluctance among Libyans to do menial work. "The future of tourism is bright: we are concentrating on the infrastructure," he said. "But Libyans want to give orders to oth-er people," he added, referring to foreign guest workers from nearby countries such as Egypt. "It's very rare to see a waitress come to clean the table and the toilets. Always others -- Egyptians -- must do it." |
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| 委內瑞拉總統查維茲與格達費會面 | |
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因堅持社會主義路線而一再贏得白宮咒罵的委內瑞拉總統查維茲，週三已抵達利比亞，並與曾是反美陣線前鋒的領袖格達費晤談。 委內瑞拉是世界第五大石油出口國，全國歲收近一半來自原油。油價飆漲助查維茲為扶貧計畫提供上百萬元資金，已完成他宣稱的社會主義革命。 格達費執政的利比亞與委內瑞拉一樣是石油大國，近年來緩和過去反美的言論，並向西方投資者大開門戶。相反地，查維茲則展開串聯石油出產國並強化彼此關係的活動。分析家指出，與利比亞的會談有可能將重點放在石油業科技方面，而查維茲也曾在出發前告訴美聯社，兩人將討論近日的油價問題。 先前查維茲剛結束在維也納舉行的歐盟拉丁美洲會談。利比亞官方表示，查維茲將在亦是石油輸出國組織（OPEC）一員的北非盟友阿爾及利亞作短暫停留，與總統布特弗利卡會面後，再抵達利比亞首都的黎波里，與格達費和利比亞官員進行短暫會晤。 Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez, whose socialist course has won him the opprobrium of Washington, will visit Tripoli on Tuesday for talks with the Libyan leader who once bore the brunt of United States disapproval. Muammar Gaddafi, whose country like Venezuela is a major oil pro-ducer, has in recent years toned down fiery anti-American rhetoric and opened its industry to Western investment. Chavez, a self-styled socialist rev-olutionary, has by contrast led a campaign to tighten state control over the energy sector. Libyan officials said Chavez would arrive in Tripoli after a stop-over in close ally and fellow Opec member Algeria, where he is due to arrive late on Monday before meeting President Abdelaziz Bouteflika on Tuesday morning. Analysts said the Libyan talks were likely to focus on energy industry knowledge sharing but that, with oil producers pumping as much as they can and oil prices near records, collaboration on output quotas was unlikely to top the agenda. Venezuela is the world's fifth largest oil exporter and relies on crude for about half of state revenues. High oil prices have helped Chavez pour billions into projects for the poor as part of his proclaimed so-cialist revolution. Libyan officials had said earlier that Chavez was due to arrive on Monday. They gave no reason for the change. He earlier visited Vienna - where he attended an EU-Latin Ameri-can summit - Rome and London. （http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=85&art_id=qw1147695840438B241） |
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| （回目錄） | |
| 迦納移民在利比亞遭虐待 | |
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在利比亞遭逮捕的非法迦納移民呼籲迦納政府介入，將他們從利比亞官方的虐待中解救出來。這群移民打電話給數個電台，聲稱他們被囚禁在利比亞首都黎波里郊外的監禁區中。 他們表示，目前生活的狀態相當惡劣，但迦納大使館卻從未伸出援手。「在利比亞的迦納大使館要我們自己到一個叫Sabbah的地方以被驅逐出境。但當我們抵達那邊時，他們將我們分成兩群，另一群就被帶到我們不知道的地方。現在我們不知道他們的行蹤。我們也仍在監獄中，4個人手腳中彈受傷。我們不知道我們的弟兄們被帶去哪裡，所以我們呼籲我們的政府和迦納人民有所行動。」一位自稱喬伊紐斯的移民表示。 Illegal Ghanaian immigrants ar-rested in Libya have appealed to their government to intervene and free them from what they de-scribe as abuse at the hands of the authorities in the north African country. They made several calls to vari-ous radio stations, claiming that they are being kept in a prison yard at the outskirts of Tripoli. They said that they had been living in appalling conditions, but that Ghana's diplomatic mission in Libya has not done anything to help them. "The Ghana embassy in Libya here asked us to come down here to a town called Sabbah to be deport-ed to Ghana. Unfortunately when we arrived here, they divided us into two and carried the other half to an unknown place. Right now we don't know their whereabouts. The remaining too we are still in prison. Four people are wounded; they were shot in their hands and legs. We don't know where our brothers have been taken to so we are appealing to our government and Ghanaians to do something about it", one of the immigrants who called Joynews said. （http://www.andnetwork.com/index?service=direct/0/Home/recent.fullStory&sp=l34869） |
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| 吾思吾師 找回教師熱情與尊嚴徵文比賽 | |
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