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══════════════════【立報】═══════════════════ |
| 教 育 專 題 深 入 報 導《2006-06-16》 |
| 本期內容 | |
| ◎國際專題：抗議政府修法 希臘大學生佔據校園 | |
| ◎鎮暴警察對學生發射催淚彈 | |
| ◎希臘學生團體宣言 | |
| ◎吾思吾師 找回教師熱情與尊嚴徵文比賽 | |
| 國際專題：抗議政府修法 希臘大學生佔據校園 | |
| 策劃、編譯■唐澄暐、成怡夏 | |
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希臘憲法中保護教育的公有地位，也保護校園不受任何警方力量的侵犯。某些條款使得希臘高等教育學院不容易受新自由主義入侵。 然而，保守派的政府現在正企圖推動改變國家高等教育學院的地位。一個由政府任命，所謂的「專家委員會」推出了一列改變提案。 但學生下定決心，不要一場仗都沒打就投降。6月7日，320個系被學生占據。希臘北部塞薩洛尼基州全部70個學系，包括保守黨的基地馬其頓大學，以及運動科學與體能教育學院。同時一支「國際藝術與行動主義旅團」（International Art and Activism Caravan）也開始在被佔據的雅典綜合技術學院現場廣播。 6月8日，超過1萬5千位學生在雅典示威，另有約1萬人在Thessaloniki遊行。鎮暴警察也試圖用催淚瓦斯試圖衝散雅典的示威遊行。 |
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| （回目錄） | |
| 鎮暴警察對學生發射催淚彈 | |
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面對在雅典市中心遊行，抗議教改提案的的大學學生，鎮暴警察於6月8日發射催淚瓦斯。 數週的全國靜坐和抗議在六月初達到高潮，超過3千位學生在雅典遊行並大喊「打倒獨裁主義」和「向新法說不」。隊伍中的警察連續發射數輪催淚瓦斯，和丟擲石塊和木棒的學生推擠，市中心因此陷入一片煙霧。警方表示，約有40名抗議者被拘留，15人在持續幾小時的扭打中受傷。至少有兩輛車起火，也有垃圾箱燒起來。許多店面和銀行的玻璃也被損毀。在市中心一些受到驚嚇的觀光客在辛辣的霧中尋找掩護。 大學生們反對預定7月遞交國會的新法提案，該法案容許開辦私立大學，並將改變學生與教員雙方的支付費用。學生也反對政府企圖中止大學院校內的庇護權，令人想起1973年學生群起反對掌控希臘的軍閥，並阻止警察進入大學。 中間偏右的政府表示，這筆新徵的費用將為改革所用，但學生攻擊，這只是企圖結束免費高等教育的野心，而這是希臘憲法所保護的。 Greek riot police fired tear gas at university students marching in central Athens on Thursday in protest against proposed educa-tion reforms. Police in riot gear fired several rounds of tear gas, pushing back stu-dents throwing stones and sticks and covering the city centre in smoke. Police said about 40 protesters were detained and about 15 people were injured in the scuffles that lasted several hours. At least two cars were set on fire and rubbish bins were set alight. Several shops and banks had their windows smashed. Some stunned tourists in the city centre took cover from the clouds of acrid tear gas. Earlier, more than 3,000 students marched through the capital chanting "Down with authoritarianism" and "No to the new law" in a culmination of weeks of protests and sit-ins at university building throughout the country. Police said the march was infiltrated by anarchists who threw petrol bombs, stones and paint at authorities, prompting the violence. The proposed new law, due to be submitted to parliament in July, will allow the creation of private universities and will change the way both students and educators are assessed. Students also object to government plans to end the right of asylum on university grounds, which harks back to the 1973 student uprising against the military junta that ruled Greece, and bars police from en-tering universities. The centre-right government says the bill will bring much needed reforms but students have attacked it as an attempt to end free higher education, which is guaranteed by the Greek constitution.Reuters |
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| （回目錄） | |
| 希臘學生團體宣言 | |
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2006年6月2日，雅典市中心有超過8千名學生參加希臘全國性的抗議活動，這場示威遊行由超過80個當地學生會的學生團體組成，他們也佔領了大學。這場遊行要求新政府撤回關於高等教育的議案，隨後展開一場大約1千名學生參加的協商會。 希臘新上台的保守派政府（新民主黨）受到社會民主主義者人士（PASOK）支持，以體現歐盟促進一系列反民意的措施為指導方針。就受雇勞動力來看，政府試圖廢除一天8小時工時（一週40工時）；此外，政府也擴展並合法化公私部門的彈性和不安全性；更有甚者，政府對某部份的勞工人口將加大幅刪減工資。政府政策也涉及到年輕人。 政府想要廢除我們的權利，以及我們永久性和穩定性工作的遠景，並在我們的職業生涯中製造不確定因素。這些全都在高等教育改革提案中被端出。 改革提案中有三大立論： 1.在法律上做些改變，以控制大學教育。這樣的改變把大學轉換為營利單位做為其目的，改革後的大學將會對學生採取更威權的管理。根據提案，每個學生在每項科目上有權最多被當兩次，且可以在原本畢業年限延長兩年結束課業的時間（這部份過去並沒有限制）。學校常務董事和財務主管將接手大學的經營權。過去免費提供的必修科目教科書也會被廢除，對貧窮學生的社交援助也將削減，學生在學校董事會的代表權與參與權也將受到限制。此外，「大學庇護所」這樣的組織也將被廢止（這個組織在學生在大學校園內，有不受限制的表達意見和政治觀點的權利，其中包括限制警察進入大學校園內這部份）。 2.希臘憲法第16條修訂版本中，確立每位公民都有接受免費與公共教育的權利。所以，私人商業性大學與私人職業訓練機構都會受到官方認可。 3.先前關於ICTS立法以及大學評量信用的重新死灰復燃，為的是引入終生學習的模型。這個模型不會提供任何對工作有用的證書。引進ICTS和對海外3年期學士的認可，將終止大學學位的特性（以及相關的普遍工作資格證書）。這樣一來，每位畢業生都將有自己「特殊化」的學位，在勞動市場上根本沒有任何通行的力量。 政府上述改變措施的目的是： 1.建立新的工作模型：便宜與彈性的工作，據此，每位勞工都應該既有生產力，又順從他的雇主的規範。因此一位勞工的工資較便宜，且對他的工作將索求較少的賠償，也對他的生命較沒有願景。她或他將完全適應「自由市場」和雇主營利的需要。這是透過對我們身分的貶值，以及官方提供的工作執照的分裂來達成。這也是透過強化學習速度，和限制過去幾年政府進行極端保守的改革，造成相當大的障礙的學生運動來達成。這樣一來，他們想要讓今天的我們成為有紀律守規矩的學生，更有甚者，可見的未來，會製造出一批有紀律的雇工。 2.廢止免費的公共教育，把大學轉化為營利機構。這造成的主要結果為，來自低收入階層的年輕人將被排除在大學教育之外。 過去兩年中，政府嘗試實施這種極端保守的改革，沒有任何協商，忽視學生的反對意見。所以，希臘的學生運動選擇不讓步的抗爭與完全的反對路線，反對教育部的政策措施，以及政府和社會民主黨人的意見。我們抗爭和持續佔領大學的後續發展，是我們回應政府黑函的作法。我們的奮鬥只有再政府撤銷所有與法律和憲法第16條相關修正版的提案後才會結束。 我們的要求是： ‧在規範高等教育的相關法律上不做任何更改。我們抵制對學生有任何時間與考試限制的提議。我們拒絕不為學生提供必需課程免費教科書的做法。我們反對學生貸款系統和大學僱請專業經理人的做法。 ‧不要憲法第16條的修正版本。我們對私人營利大學說「不」。 ‧我們要求所有對大學評量和引進ICTS的相關法律。我們反對對我們學位和工作證照的貶值化與特殊化。 我們奮鬥的是： ‧大學學位具有充分和普遍的工作資格，沒有任何特殊化。 ‧我們擁有永久和穩定的工作的權利，有一份合宜的收入和社會安全。我們對彈性和危險的工作說「不」。 ‧每個人都有免費的公共教育機會。所有的學生都享有免費的租屋、食物和必修課程教科書。依照學生的需要提高高等教育的公共支出。 ‧人性化的學習速度。 我們呼籲： ‧我們所有的學生夥伴一起參與學生會的組織、示威運動和所有相關行動。我們呼籲他們展現出對於政府政策的反抗。 ‧我們呼籲對於政府政策抗爭的擴大。我們呼籲所有希臘全國的學生會召集新的團體，並擴大對大學佔領的範圍。 ‧我們呼籲全國的學生會參與被佔領大學公開的協調會議。 ‧我們呼籲中學生和小學中學教師一起加入我們反對教育部極端保守政策的抗爭中。 ‧我們呼籲受到政府政策衝擊的部分大學科學人員，站出來支持學生的抗爭以及我們的行動。 ‧我們呼籲全國所有的學生於6月1日在所有城市示威，我們呼籲勞工團體支持這項抗爭。 全體出席的學生會團體協商會 雅典，2006年5月25日 （http://www.anarkismo.net/newswire.php?sto-ry_id=3161） In June 02, 2006, more than 8,000 students took part in a nation-wide protest march in the center of A-thens. This demo was called by more than 80 assemblies of local students' unions and occupied universities. The march demanded the withdrawal of the new govern-mental measures concerning higher education. The demonstration was followed by a plenary coordination meeting where approximately 1,000 students partici-pated. The conservative government (party of "New Democracy") having the support of social-democrats (PASOK), incorporating the directives of the EU pro-motes a series of anti-popular measures. As far as the employment population is concerned, the government aims at abolishing the 8-hours working day - 40 hours working week. Moreover, it aims at legalizing and spreading flexibility and precarity in the public and the private sector. Furthermore, the government inflicts severe wage cuts for parts of the working population. The governmental policy concerns also the youth. The government attempts to abolish our right and our vision for permanent and stable employment and to establish uncertainty in our working careers. These aims are served by the proposed reform in higher education. There are 3 pillars in this proposed reform: 1. The change in the legislation that regulates uni-versity education. This change serves the purpose of transforming the universities into profit-making insti-tutions. The reformed universities will also be more authoritarian for students. According to the proposed changes every student will have the right to fail only up to 2 times in every course and to finish his studies within n+2 years of studying (until now it's unrestricted). Managing directors and financial managers will take over the administration of universities. Free supplying of compulsory course books will be abolished, social assistance to poor students will be cut down and the students' participation in the representative boards of the university will be restricted. Moreover, the institu-tion of "University Asylum" (the institution that estab-lishes the right of unrestricted expression and exchange of political views and actions within the borders of the university campuses, including the restriction of police access to the Universities) will be practically abolished. 2. The revision of article 16 of the Greek Constitu-tion that establishes the right of every citizen for free, public education. Therefore, private commercial uni-versities will be established and private vocational training institutions will be officially recognized by the state. 3. The revitalization of previous legislation regarding ICTS and university evaluation credits in order to in-troduce the model of life-learning. This model does not offer any qualification that is useful in employment. The introduction of ICTS as well as the recognition of the 3-year bachelors abroad will abolish the universal character of university degrees (and the relevant uni-versal employment qualifications). In this way, every graduate will have his own "individualized" degree without any negotiable power in the labour market. The aims of the aforementioned changes of the gov-ernment are: 1. The establishment of a new model of employment; the cheap and flexible employment, according to which each worker should be both productive and disciplined to her/his employer. Such a worker will cost less and demand less compensation for his employment and will vision less for his life. She/he will be fully adjusted to the needs of the "free market" and the profit-making of employers. This is achieved by the devaluation of our degrees and the split of the official employment qualifi-cations they offer. It is also achieved by the intensifica-tion of the study tempo as well as by the effort to re-strain the students' movement that has raised consider-able obstacles in applying the reactionary reforms, dur-ing the last years. This way, they want to make us disci-plined students today and even more disciplined em-ployees in the near future. 2. The abolishment of the free public education, the transformation of universities into profit-making insti-tutions. A major consequence of this will be that young people from the low-income class will be practically excluded from university education. During the last 2 years the government is trying to implement this reactionary reform, without any kind of negotiations and ignoring the declared opposition of the students. Therefore, the Greek students' movement has chosen the way of uncompromising struggle and complete opposition against the policy measures of the Ministry of Education, the government as a whole as well as the expressed consensus of the social-democrats (PASOK). The development of our struggle and the continuation of the occupation of the universities is our way to respond to the blackmail of the government. Our struggle will only end when the government withdraws all its proposals about the revision of the rel-evant legislation and the article 16 of the constitution. Our demands: ． No change in the relevant legislation regulating higher education. We reject any proposal for time or exam restrictions for students. We reject the abolish-ment of free supplying of compulsory course books for students. We reject the system of loan-scholarships as well as the hiring of managers by the universities. ． No revision of article 16 of the Constitution. We say "no" to private and profit-making universities. ． We demand the abolishment of all the relevant laws for the evaluation of Universities and the intro-duction of ICTS. We reject the devaluation-individu-alization of our degrees and of the employment qualifi-cations they offer. We struggle for: ． University degrees with full and universal em-ployment qualifications without any individualization. ． Our right for permanent and stable employment with decent earnings and social security. We say "no" to flexible and precarious employment. ． Free public education for everyone. Free housing, food supply and compulsory course books for all stu-dents. Increase of public spending for higher education according to the needs of the students. ． Human studying tempo. We call: ． All our fellow students to participate in the stu-dent unions' assemblies, the demonstrations and all the actions of the movement. We call them to materialize their resistance against the policy measures of the gov-ernment. ． We call to an escalation of the struggle against the government policy. We call all the student unions around the country to call new assemblies and extent the occupation of the universities. ． We call all the student unions of the country to participate in the open coordination meeting of the oc-cupied universities. ． We call the high school students as well as the teachers of primary and secondary education to join us in the struggle against the reactionary policy of the ministry of education. ． We call the part of university scientific stuff that is hit by the governmental policy to support the struggle of the students and support our actions. ． Text Box: We call all students around the country to demonstrate in all cities, on Thursday, June 1rst.We call the workers unions to support in any possible way the just cause of our struggle. The plenary coordination meeting of the student u-nions assembliesAthens, 25/5/2006 |
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| （回目錄） | |
| 吾思吾師 找回教師熱情與尊嚴徵文比賽 | |
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