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教育專題 ◎ 2007-10-05
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教 育 專 題 深 入 報 導《2007-10-05》

本期內容
  ◎教師 國家的工程師 
  ◎世界教師日 要讓教師有更好的工作環境 
  ◎聯合國教科文組織:2015年前全球需要1千8百萬名新教師 



教師 國家的工程師
   
在世界教師日,我們幫教師慶祝,感謝他們在給所有孩童素質教育上所扮養的中心角色與所付出的努力。要達到全民皆受教育的目標,教師是一個關鍵的因素。

教師是國家真正的工程師。他們塑造、改造、改變他們的學生,使他們成為有用的公民。事實上,優質教育並不只是知識傳遞或者給予指示的過程,這是構成、革新與轉變的科學與藝術。它主要的目的並不單單是獲取知識和獲得謀生技能,它希望我們可以擷取某些價值和潛能,發展出面對生活的態度,讓生活可以更真實、正直、平靜與充滿愛。

教師與教學的素質決定了教學成果的好壞。這必須包括可以吸引受過良好訓練、積極、有效率以及男女教師比例平衡的教育系統;此外,它也必須為教師提供支援系統,不只在教室內也在未來的專業發展上。

每年10月5日慶祝的世界教師日,主要是為了紀念在1966年通過的教師地位建議書。這個節日讓大家重新檢視教師的挑戰,並重新思考要如何達到高素質的教學。在教育系統上,教師好比機械中的齒輪,他們的努力與辛勤的工作應該被認可。如果我們可以確保教師獲得訓練,給予他們所要的支持,讓他們成為積極、有效率的師資,我們將可在教育路上邁向一大步,並達到為所有孩童提供素質教育的目標。

On World Teachers' Day, we celebrate teachers and the central role they play in efforts to achieve quality education for all children. Teachers are a crucial element in the achievement of the international education goals of Education for All.

Teachers are the actual architects of our nation. They form, reform and transform their students into worthy citizens. In fact, education for excellence is not a process of passing on information or giving instruction. It is the art and science of formation, reformation and transformation. Its actual aims are not simply to acquire knowledge and success for earning a living. But to draw out certain values and potential so as to develop our character with a view to learning to live and letting live truthfully, rightfully, respectfully peacefully and with love.

The quality of teachers and teaching is also essential to good learning outcomes. This implies an education system that attracts and retains a well-trained, motivated, effective and gender-balanced teaching staff; it implies a system that supports teachers in the classroom, as well as in their continued professional development.

The celebration of World Teachers' Day on 5th October every year, marking the commemoration of the 1966 Recommendation's adoption, is an occasion to take stock of the challenges and consider what action is needed to achieve high quality teaching and learning for all. Teachers are important cogs in the wheels of the education system. Thus, it is imperative that their efforts and hard work be recognized. We would surely move huge steps forward in achieving more success if we ensure that our teachers are trained and supported in ways that lead to a motivated, effective teaching force, able to contribute to our shared goal of achieving quality education for all children.

http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article_sup.php?news_id=94983
(回目錄)



世界教師日 要讓教師有更好的工作環境
   
10月5日是世界教師日,今年的主軸將放在促進教師品質進而提升學生的學習品質。恰巧地,聯合國教科文組織將贊助巴基斯坦幾個城市一系列相關討論活動。活動主要是由Idara-e-Taleem-o-Aagahi(ITA)組織主導,重點在於辦學的核心價值、評量教師們投入教學的需求。

ITA於世界教師日當天辦理的討論活動涵蓋各種面向,包含一般評量、教學演練評量、目前巴國境內教學評量不足之處、教師在協調與管理教育評量的角色、教師在維持學校教學品質的角色,以及教師如何運用評量系統以獲得正向支持。

活動當天由非營利組織串連教育系統,將聯名宣布傑出教師獎之設立,該獎項的設立資格將考慮教師在上述項目的各種表現,綜合評量後,將於明年的世界教師日頒獎。

根據巴國2005年國家教育普查,全巴基斯坦的教育系統總共有136萬名教師,其中約有60%在公立學校任教,其餘40%在私立學校教書。

巴基斯坦以多元教育系統著名,每一種升學管道都具備完善的教育規劃、課程、與教學品質管理。

由於選擇太多,巴國公民在替子女選擇哪一種升學管道時,容易以社經地位作為評斷標準。因此,學校教育如何掌控品質在一定水準是刻不容緩的事情,教師如何實踐教學精神,是由上層到下層單向管理?還是扁平式的分散管理?一直是教育系統最專注的焦點。

整個巴基斯坦並沒有一套制式的評量系統,社區式教育和非正式教育經常被忽略而沒有經過評量,在其所任教的教師也沒有良好的報酬,比國家最低薪資標準還低,使人們以為這些教師是兼職在教書。而菁英式的私立學校系統則有相當嚴格的評量系統,它們甚至會訓練特定的團隊執行監督教育品質的工作。

世界教師日正好讓我們回憶起1966年的教師專業革命,聯合國教科文組織和國際勞工組織共同聲名要促進專業教師工作環境,教師專業應得到當由地方、國家與國際層面的政策支持與尊重。

除此之外,世界教師日製造機會以提升公眾意識,重視教師專業角色, 替全世界的學習者開啟更美好的前景;而當天更提供教師聯盟和支持教師團體和政府對話的機會與空間,針對提升財源、專業人力資源的需求進行討論,為達成2015年全民獲得免費、公開與相當品質的教育目標而努力。

而就在今年7月,德國柏林聚集了2千名教師抗議世界教師日徒有虛名。他們提出的要求有:良好的工作環境、安全健康的學習環境、適當的班級學生人數與教學資源、符合生活水準的薪水並且按時給付;他們要求女性教師應享有權力,不應受到任何形式的歧視並擁有參與教育決策的權力。

World Teachers Day 2007, falling on October 5, is underpinned by the slogan of quality teachers for quality education' focusing on the issue of better working conditions for teachers, also implying better learning conditions for learners.

Coinciding with international teaching day, UNESCO will sponsor a series of intensive dialogues in the major cities of Pakistan.

The dialogues organized by the by Idara-e-Taleem-o-Aagahi (ITA) will stress on the need for core standards and guidelines on quality audits in schools, need for teacher engagement and preparation for managing quality audits.

The first in the series for four dialogues scheduled for October 5 will focus on the common features or otherwise in monitoring systems in practice, shortfalls in the existing quality audits being used in Pakistan, teachers' role in negotiating and managing school based audits, teachers role in maintaining quality at schools and positive support to teachers provided by these quality audits.

On the day, the ITA will also announce the establishment of Anita Ghulam Ali Award to honour two outstanding teachers nominated through unions, education systems and NGOs running schools.

Its criteria and award details will be circulated to all concerned at the dialogues for adoption so that the awards can be given during WTD 2008.

According to the National Education census (2005) there are 1.36 million teachers in the country and approximately 60% (723,876) of these are in the public sector and 40% (632,926) in the private sectors, representing all levels of education.

Pakistan is known for its multiple school system, each representing a range of layered delivery system in terms of medium of instruction, curriculum, management and quality of delivery and learning.

The choice is confounding for citizens who are committed to education for their children as the most critical enabling tool for wellbeing. The challenge in this range of options is how quality is negotiated or expressed as an important outcome in these schooling systems. How do teachers interpret it? Is it a top down process or is it more dispersed? Quality remains an issue for these schooling systems. There is no uniform, comprehensive evaluation system (audit system) in place for schools in the country. Community based and non-formal schools are rarely evaluated and teachers paid only very poor salaries much below the national minimum wages on the pretext that they are part time. The elite private school systems on the other hand, have rigorous evaluation processes where dedicated teams are trained to carry out thorough evaluations in schools.

It is a day to remind ourselves about the 1966 resolution jointly tabled by UNESCO and ILO to improve working conditions for the profession and to articulate new needs and areas of support that must be able to influence policies at local, national and international levels with respect to the teaching profession.

In addition to providing the opportunity to draw public attention to the important role of teachers in building a better future for all the world's learners, the day also provides an opportunity for teacher unions and education supporters to lobby their governments and to raise awareness about the need to invest in financial and human resources to achieve a free, public and qualityEducation For All by 2015.

At a recent meeting in Berlin in July 2007 with 2000 teachers and educators gathered to kick off WTD 2007 the teachers demanded: Decent working environment, a safe and healthy learning environment for teachers and learners, appropriate class-sizes and adequate pedagogical resources in the classroom, living wages-salaries that allow for decent living conditions and that are regularly paid, equal pay and equal rights for women -female teachers should not experience discrimination of any form and governments should ensure the empowerment of women in the education setting, in decision making and in the workplace.

http://www.app.com.pk/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=17847&Itemid=2
(回目錄)



聯合國教科文組織:2015年前全球需要1千8百萬名新教師
   
聯合國教育、科學及文化組織表示,在2015前,全世界還需要1千8百萬名新教師,單單非洲就需要4千萬名教師,以讓所有孩童可接受有素質的初等教育。

聯合國教科文組織在10月5日世界教師日前夕發表文告指出,發展中國家會關注的是如何招募與保留教師,以及某些特定科目教師不足的情形。

「在很多國家,並不是所有的小孩都有機會踏入教室,或者可以學習基本的讀寫和計算技能,因為這些國家沒有足夠的合格教師。」聯合國教科文組織總幹事松浦晃一郎在教師節文告中如此表示。

他說:「教師不足並不只會影響孩童的未來,也會影響整個社會的發展。」

聯合國教科文組織指出,今年世界教師日的主題是「打造高素質的教師團隊」。

體認到缺少必要資訊的確會影響計劃有效率地推行,教科文組織的文告要求一個「關於教師、學校和學生的完整、即時和綜合資訊」以及「來自公眾以及私人投資來源的資訊。」

教科文組織也希望獲得關於教師的抱負、教師培訓的作用(包括在職訓練)、全職教師的困擾以及教師組織在主要教育政策上的角色等資訊。

這份文告由國際勞工組織理事長索馬維亞、聯合國兒童基金會執行長威尼曼、聯合國開發計劃署署長德爾維斯、國際教育組織主席尼施思共同簽署發表。

聯合國教科文組織總幹事松浦晃一郎會在今年的世界教師日宣讀此項聲明,並邀請其他簽署者或者其代表發表評論。

聯合國教科文組織表示,在宣讀聲明儀式後,將舉行一個大規模的公開座談會,談論題目為「未來的路:教師的挑戰與議題」。

聯合國教科文組織指出,70%到80%的教育預算是撥給教師和其他教育人事費,所以政府應該告知大眾,他們如何有效地應用這些教育預算。

經濟社會發展理事會指出:「今年世界教師日的活動以及聯合國總部和伊利諾大學聯合主辦的工作坊扮演了支援的角色,為政府提供更多和更相關的資訊。」

世界教師日主要是為了慶祝1966年,國際勞工組織和聯合國教科文組織共同審議通過的教師地位建議書。到了1997年,聯合國才通過了第2個關於高等教育教職人員地位的建議書。

這兩個建議書制定一些重要的守則如教師的準備與工作環境、教師與其團體在教育決策上的參與;而每個國家應該有個別的措施,以確保可以培訓出有素質的教師和營造一個優質的學習環境。目前的教師專業,只有綜合的國際標準。

http://www.afriquenligne.fr/news/daily-news/world-needs-18-million-new-teachers-by-2015-%11-unesco-200710029816/
(回目錄)



長期徵稿啟事

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(回目錄)



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