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══════════════════【立報】═══════════════════ |
| 教 育 專 題 深 入 報 導《2008-11-20》 |
| 本期內容 | |
| ◎世界兒童生活面面觀 | |
| ◎衝突使剛果成為兒童監獄 | |
| ◎Conflict makes Congo "worst place for children" | |
| ◎麥當娜呼籲歌迷捐助馬拉威學校 | |
| ◎Madonna appeals to fans to donate to Malawi school | |
| ◎德國耶誕老公公的幫手忙著回信給全球小朋友 | |
| 世界兒童生活面面觀 | |
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每年的11月20日為國際兒童人權日，但是世界各地兒童的命運卻大大不同。 當有些國家的孩童還可以在父母懷中撒嬌的時候，有些國家的兒童很小就嘗盡顛沛流離之苦，除了沒有受教育的機會，更要面對加諸他們身上的種種傷害。 提升兒童的人權，除了從國內做起之外，更要把視野放到國外的孩童，攜手捍衛他們的人權！ |
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| （回目錄） | |
| 衝突使剛果成為兒童監獄 | |
| （路透） | |
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援助工作者上週表示，數以千計的剛果孩童在條件惡劣的難民營或草叢中四處流浪，面臨飢病交迫、性侵害和強迫從軍的危險。 數週以來的衝突，已經迫使超過25萬剛果人民離開家園，或是搖搖欲墜的臨時住所。剛果人民共和國北基伍省幾年來的內戰，早已使得境內難民數超過一百萬人。 孩童佔多數 駐守在北基伍省首府果瑪的人道救援組織「拯救孩童」發言人喬治‧葛罕指出：「對孩子來說，北基伍很可能是最糟糕的地區。毫無疑問，小孩子在近來衝突中受到最多影響。」 近來，圖西族反抗軍、親政府軍隊和民兵的衝突已經平靜下來，只爆發零星的衝突。這是因為非洲領袖發起高峰會，要求雙方不要重蹈覆轍，讓1998到2003年間極具毀滅性的區域戰爭重演。 聯合國兒童基金會發言人扎亞‧穆爾蒂告訴《路透社》記者：「孩童逃難時是最容易感染疾病、營養不良、遭到性侵害、剝削、暴力和被迫從軍。」 110萬流離失所的難民中，約有60％是孩子。他說：「我們估計約有2千到3千名孩子在軍中，而徵募娃娃兵的行動目前還在繼續。」 「這一直是過去5年來，孩子們所面對的無聲危機，只不過現在爆發了。」 衝突雙方都曾攻擊、劫掠、性侵和謀殺聯合國剛果民主共和國特派團成員。 美國人權團體人權監督引用當地人士提供的資料表示，前一週至少有50個平民在果瑪市北方70公里處的基旺加被殺害。 一名42歲的婦人麗微拉說，她在逃離基旺加的路上和小孩子失散，就再也沒見過他們。 霍亂四起 從10月至今，世界衛生組織所接獲傳染病通報案例顯示，至少有一千人感染霍亂。 世衛發言人保羅‧加伍德說：「我們擔心這是局勢不穩定而導致的直接結果。目前我們還沒看到霍亂大爆發的案例，但是風險非常高。」 世界糧食計畫署發言人卡塞拉表示，目前是「極度危急」的狀況，北基伍省內數千名飢餓的百姓缺乏糧食。 她說：「我們利用停火時段，以打帶跑的方式運送食物。」 1月簽署的和平協議於8月失效，發生衝突的省份快速擴散到果瑪市和附近的偏僻地區。 在距離果瑪市北方120公里處的卡尼亞巴永加，剛果軍隊聽到反抗軍攻擊的消息後，隨即逃離。 聯合國剛果民主共和國特派團發言人珍保羅‧戴粹奇中校表示：「昨天晚上和今天早上，他們在往北部盧貝羅的路途中搶盡了4個村莊。」 隨著衝突增加，9月約有25萬名剛果人被迫離開家園，圖西族反抗軍首領恩坤達誓言要加速軍隊行動，若是總統卡比拉不願意對話，他將要推翻當權政府。 恩坤達告訴英國國家廣播電台說：「我們正要去推翻他，選舉出來的人不表示可以為所欲為……我們要解放剛果。」 剛果已經有17萬維和部隊人員，人數為世界最多。歐盟成員曾經討論要增派軍隊和聯合國剛果民主共和國特派團成員到剛果，他們曾在一個月前請求聯合國安理會派遣3千名軍隊進入剛果，不過這個要求並未得到回應。 「人權觀察」的安奈克‧渥登保表示：「人民必須受到保護，免於殺戮和施暴。」 |
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| （回目錄） | |
| Conflict makes Congo "worst place for children" | |
| REUTERS | |
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Packed into squalid refugee camps or roaming in the bush, hundreds of thousands of Congolese children face hunger, disease, sexual abuse or recruitment by marauding armed factions, aid workers said on Tuesday. Weeks of violence have forced more than 250,000 people from homes or ramshackle camps where they had taken shelter, bringing to over 1 million the number of internal refugees from years of fighting in Democratic Republic of Congo's North Kivu province. Most are children. "North Kivu is quite possibly the worst place to be a child. There is no question that children have been the most severely affected by the recent conflict," said George Graham, spokesman for Save the Children in the provincial capital, Goma. Fighting between Tutsi rebels and pro-government troops and militia fighters has subsided into sporadic clashes in recent days as African leaders staged summits and leant on both sides to avert a repeat of Congo's devastating 1998-2003 regional war. "When children flee fighting they become more vulnerable to contracting diseases, to becoming malnourished, and vulnerable to predators like sexual abuse, exploitation, violence and recruitment into armed groups," U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) spokesman Jaya Murthy told Reuters in Goma. Sixty percent of the 1.1 million displaced are children, he said. "We estimate that there's around 2,000 to 3,000 children in armed groups and recruitment is going on right now." "This has been a silent emergency for children for the last five years, only now it is re-exploding -- again." Fighters on both sides have attacked, looted, raped and murdered civilians in raids the U.N. peacekeeping force in Congo, known as MONUC, says include war crimes. U.S.-based Human Rights Watch quoted local sources and civilians as saying at least 50 civilians were killed last week in Kiwanja, 70 km (45 miles) north of Goma. Nyrarukundo Rivera, 42, told Reuters she lost her children when fleeing violence in Kiwanja and hadn't seen them since. CHOLERA ON THE RISE At least 1,000 cholera infections have been reported since the start of October, the World Health Organisation (WHO) said. "We fear this is a direct result of the spreading insecurity," WHO spokesman Paul Garwood said. "As yet we have seen no explosion in cholera cases but the risks are very high." World Food Programme spokeswoman Emilia Casella said it was "extremely alarmed" about a lack of access to thousands of hungry people in North Kivu. "We are looking to take advantage of any lull in fighting to deliver food in 'hit and run' operations," Casella said. Renewed violence in the conflict-racked province since a January peace deal collapsed in August has spread instability to the provincial capital Goma and remote localities alike. In Kanyabayonga, 120 km (75 miles) north of Goma, Congolese army troops fled when they heard rumours of a rebel attack. "On their way back they looted everything from four villages on the way (north) to Lubero last night and this morning," MONUC spokesman Lt-Col Jean-Paul Dietrich said. As violence has increased the misery of some 250,000 people displaced by fighting since September, Tutsi rebel chief General Laurent Nkunda has vowed to pursue his campaign and topple President Joseph Kabila if he doesn't accept talks. "We are going to overthrow him," Nkunda told the British Broadcasting Corporation. "Being elected is not a white card to do what you want ... We have to liberate Congo." European Union members have also discussed sending troops, and MONUC, already the world's biggest peacekeeping force with 17,000 personnel, asked the U.N. Security Council a month ago to send 3,000 more soldiers and police, but so far to no avail. "Civilians need protection now from the killing and raping," Human Rights Watch's Anneke Van Woudenberg said in a statement. |
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| （回目錄） | |
| 麥當娜呼籲歌迷捐助馬拉威學校 | |
| （路透） | |
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流行天后麥當娜要求歌迷捐錢，讓她得以為馬拉威低層社會的女孩建立一所學校。 麥當娜在她的個人網頁上貼了錄影片段，描述她想完成這個千萬美元計畫的源起。 麥當娜表示：「當我花了很多時間待在非洲後，我發現只有少數的非洲女生被鼓勵和允許念到中學，而我唯一可以幫助她們的辦法是，建立一所女子學校。」她才於今年5月正式領養一名馬拉威男孩。 「如果你願意參與並給予任何方面的協助，我都心懷感激。你可以捐款、散播消息、拜訪我的網頁，以及關心這件事的進程。」她於上週四把這個錄影片段放上個人網頁。 電視脫口秀天后主持人歐普拉也致力提升非洲女孩的教育水準，並花了4千萬美元（約新台幣13億元）在南非興建女子領袖學院。 麥當娜把這個計畫稱之為「提升馬拉威女孩教育計畫」。她也為馬拉威的孤兒成立了「提升馬拉威」慈善基金會。今年，她也為這個全球最貧窮國家之一、感染愛滋病的孤兒拍攝紀錄片。 |
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| （回目錄） | |
| Madonna appeals to fans to donate to Malawi school | |
| REUTERS | |
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Pop diva Madonna is asking fans to donate money so she can build a girls' school in Malawi for underprivileged children. In a video posted on her Web site, the singer described her inspiration for building the multimillion dollar project. "There are very few girls in Africa in general who are encouraged or allowed to go to secondary school, so after spending a lot of time there I realized that one of the ways I could help is to build a girls' school," said Madonna, who officially adopted a young Malawian boy, David Banda, in May. "I would really be grateful if you would get involved and help me in any way that you can, with donations, spreading the word, visiting my Web site, reading about the progress that we've made so far," Madonna said in the appeal, which was posted on Thursday. Talk show host Oprah Winfrey has also sought to improve the education of African girls, building a $40 million all-girl leadership academy in South Africa. Madonna calls her project The Raising Malawi Academy for Girls. She has also established a charity for Malawi's orphans called Raising Malawi and produced a documentary this year about the plight of children orphaned by the AIDS crisis in one of the world's poorest countries. |
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| （回目錄） | |
| 德國耶誕老公公的幫手忙著回信給全球小朋友 | |
| （路透） | |
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德國郵政股份公司發言人指出，雖然距離耶誕節還有約6週的時間，但是全德國的郵局，已經開始忙碌地回覆全球各地小朋友的耶誕願望清單。 設立在全國東南西北8個不同地點的郵局，已經取了應景的名字，例如天堂門、天使教堂、聖尼古拉等。 德國的郵局每年都會主辦和資助這項活動，且會在耶誕前6週僱用一些員工來個別回覆小孩子們的來信。 去年，這些特別設計的郵局共接獲來自80個國家小朋友的28萬封信。 「我們的員工可以用16種不同的語言回信，這是很重要的，因為我們已經成了世界著名的耶誕老人郵局。」德國郵政公司發言人舒爾茨如是說。 雖然其他國家也有耶誕郵局，尤其是北歐地區，但是德國的耶誕郵局據說是最忙碌的。 舒爾茨指出，在8月的時候，德國的郵局已經收到了約兩千份願望名單。他呼籲小朋友，如果想要得到回信，必須在12月中前就要寄把信寄來。 德國郵政公司也設計了特別的耶誕戳記，還指示所有郵差，只要任何信封註明要寄給耶誕老人、耶穌或者聖尼古拉，就算那封信沒有貼上郵票，也要把它送到任何一個耶誕郵局。 |
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