開發意識形態至上，環評究竟保護誰？Ideologically Based Development: What's the Point of Environmental Impact Assessmen

2007年四月，九位環評委員連署發表聲明，抗議行政院及其他部會官員透過媒體或私下運作的方式，試圖干涉中科后里、七星園區、大煉鋼厰、八輕等重大開發案之環評審查。這是環評制度實施以來，第一次有環評委員站出來直言批評行政院干預環評的獨立與客觀性。

「環境影響評估法」自民國83年施行後，長期被開發單位誤解為妨礙開發的「絆腳石」，原本應當努力協調各單位旨在「保護環境」的環保主管機關，不瞭解依環評法、環境基本法、環保署組織條例，各主管機關應扮演的角色，因而經常發生政策凌駕命令、命令凌駕法律的價值錯置情形，並怠忽其應發揮的監督功能。

曾任第六屆環評委員的台灣蠻野心足生態協會理事長文魯彬，参與超過250個全新和延續性的環評案件審查，發現極少環評案件沒有重大缺陷。現行制度存在許多人為操作空間，例如官派環評委員可委由代理人出席，民間委員則不可代理，造成主管機關濫用會議時間安排權限，故意選擇反對開發之委員無法出席的時間開會，排除特定專家學者與會和參與表決的機會，等同人為操作表決結果。

環保署經常公開言明「台灣的環評法為全世界極少數賦予審查者否決權的國家」，據傳近期行政院有意推動環評法修法，目的在「廢除否決權」，對此文魯彬認為「多此一舉」，因為「否決權」的存在其實是個「幻覺」，環保署有許多方式避免「否決權」發生...(閱讀全文)


圖：2000年通過環評審查的「湖山水庫工程計畫」案，因施工區域地表開發裸露面積明顯超出其環評報告書承諾範圍，環保署於2008年裁處開罰50萬元。


In 2007 nine members of the EPA’s environmental impact assessment commission co-signed a declaration to protest the Executive Yuan and other agencies’ use of media and personal pressure to interfere with the commissioners’ evaluation of several large development projects such as the Central Science Park, Formosa Plastics Group Steel Plant and the Kuokuang Petrochemical Park Project. This was the first time in the 25 year history of the environmental impact assessment process that commissioners had publicly criticized the executive for interference in what is supposed to be an independent and objective process.

Since the Environmental Impact Assessment Act was passed into law in 1994, it has often been misunderstood as an obstacle to development, while the agency in charge of protecting the environment, the EPA, has failed to grasp its own role or the proper role of other agencies under the EIA Act, the Basic Environmental Act and even their Organic Act. This often results in policy taking precedence over regulations and even laws, even to the extent that the EPA fails to exercise its fundamental duties of supervision.

Wild’s founding director, Robin Winkler, served for a two-year term on the EIA commission during which he attended more than 1000 briefings by developers in over 250 new and ongoing development projects. From this involvement he learned that rarely was there a case that didn’t have major problems, many of which could be attributed to the system. For example, the government commissioners could appoint proxies whereas the non-government commissioners could not, leading to what many believe was manipulation of meeting-results by the EPA by scheduling meeting times when commissioners whose views might have differed from those of the government and developers (or “non-conforming commissioners”) were unavailable.

Winkler believes that the use of the term “prevent” in the law is part of the legal basis of what the EPA used to proudly tout as the “veto right” of commissioners. But in reality, he continues, that “right” is an illusion, for the EPA has many ways to ensure that the “veto” will never be effectively exercised. (Read More)

延伸閱讀

• 環境議題公民訴訟的方法與案例（詹順貴律師 演講大綱)
• 從松菸抱樹案談街頭運動的法律裝備（蔡雅瀅律師）
• 環境影響評估審查會議 申請列席函
• 六輕專案會議 環署做樣子？（自由時報2009年7月7日）
• 國光石化二階環評 環團批草率（公視晚間新聞 2009年6月24日）

保護環境：歸誰管？ Protecting the Environment: Whose Business Is It?

本文摘於1998年2月14日休士頓萊斯大學第六屆環境研討會、Daniel Quinn 丹尼爾‧昆恩致詞
Address by Daniel Quinn to the Sixth Annual Rice University Environmental Conference, Houston, Texas, February 14, 1998
© Copyright 1998 Daniel Quinn

很久很久以前，在某一座城市裡，孩子們從高樓屋頂自己跳下去的行為發生得很頻繁。當時大家都很清楚這種嚇人的事該歸誰管。於是市議會的議員們聚在一起很快 地擬出一份法令，規定高樓大廈的屋頂上必須加裝鐵欄杆防止有人自殺；然而，小孩開始從較矮的樓頂跳下來，很快地，議會通過三層樓高的房子全都在屋頂裝了鐵 欄杆或是把屋頂封起來的法案。大家都為此花了很多錢，但有人花錢就有人賺錢，城市的景氣仍然跟以前一樣繁榮。

不幸的是，小孩子的自殺率並未因此下降。(閱讀全文)

Once upon a time in a certain city it was noticed that pre-adolescent children were beginning to throw themselves off the roofs of tall buildings with alarming frequency. No one wondered for a moment whose business it was to deal with this alarming development. The city council met and quickly drafted some regulations requiring the erection of guard rails on the roofs of tall buildings. Denied this means of suicide, however, children began to throw themselves off of much lower buildings, and soon all buildings of more than three storeys were required either to install guard rails or to block access to roofs. The expense was enormous, but of course what is outgo to one person is income to another, so the economy continued to flourish as before.

Unfortunately, however, the pre-adolescent suicide rate did not decline. (Read More)

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［編者說明］給後七代子孫的禮物 A gift for the next seven generations

1722年北美印地安部落聯合宣言：
「我們所做的每個決定，都必須考慮到它對我們之後七個世代的子孫，及其居住的環境所可能造成的影響。」

"In our every deliberation, we must consider the impact of our decisions on the next seven generations."
-From the Great Law of the Iroquois Confederacy

註：本電子報提供之環境雙語文章，部分內容非原文直譯，除特別標示版權宣告的內容外，歡迎轉載並註明出處。
Note: Some of the bilingual articles in Wild's newsletter are direct translations, while others are articles on the same theme written by different staff members.

「台灣媽祖魚保育聯盟」保育行動募款計劃2009

軍事演習如何減輕對白海豚的影響 Discussion with the military on dolphin impacts

針對國軍每年對海射擊及砲彈炸射演習對台灣西海岸之中華白海豚及海洋生物所造成的騷擾，在立法委員田秋堇國會辦公室之協助下，國防部等政府單位於2009年7月2日上午假立法院群賢樓會議室，與民間團體進行溝通協調，希望能共商減輕軍事活動尤其是聲納對海洋生物的不良影響，特別是已被國際自然保育聯盟（IUCN）瀕危物種紅皮書中列為CR（極危）級的中華白海豚。

由於大甲溪旁的番子寮射擊場，為中港溪至將軍溪、中部地區唯一之演練射擊靶場，無法移陣他地，但國防部承諾，願將演習天數及頻次減半、射擊區域西調至離岸直線8-9公里及彈砲發數減半等措施，共同為保育海洋生物盡一點心力。(閱讀全文)

圖：2009年6月17日在大甲溪河口舉行的飛彈試射演習
Photo: Live-firing exercise just south of Dachia River estuary, 17 June 2009

On 2 June, representatives from Wild at Heart, Changhua Environmental Protection Union and Matsu’s Fish Conservation Union met with officials from the Ministry of National Defense to begin discussing ways to reduce the risk of impacts of military activities on Taiwan’s Critically Endangered humpback dolphins and other marine mammals.

圖：第一級保育類野生動物中華白海豚
Photo: Eastern Taiwan Strait (=western Taiwan) humpback dolphins

At the meeting, chaired by Legislator Tien Chiu-chin, the groups emphasized that, while their concerns had been heightened by the direct bombardment of humpback dolphin habitat from the shore near the Dachia River estuary in May and June, the potential impacts of other activities, including military sonar, on marine mammals also need to be addressed as soon as possible. (Read More)