台 灣 立 報 《 教 育 專 題 深 入 報 導 》 2010-08-12─立報—教育專題深入報導─智邦公益電子報
enews.url.com.tw · April 04,2014台 灣 立 報 《 教 育 專 題 深 入 報 導 》 2010-08-12
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| 台 灣 立 報 《 教 育 專 題 深 入 報 導》 2010-08-12 |
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| 黑莓機風暴狂掃全球：製造商與各國展開隱私權大戰 | 魏世昌 |
策劃、編譯■魏世昌 在過去這一週內，黑莓機風暴發展至今，跌破許多專家眼鏡。阿拉伯聯合大公國4日率先宣布自10月11日起，基於國安理由，暫停使用黑莓機；沙烏地阿拉伯旋即在6日也宣布，中止國內黑莓機的使用。最大的爭議點在於伺服器設置地區，若設在境內，可免除政府對國安的憂慮。而這正是黑莓機最保有隱私的優勢，境外伺服器正能避開政府的監察。10日沙國宣布，禁令無限期延後，理由是電信監管機構尋獲解決方案。最終的結果仍是管制獲勝。而其他國家如何看待黑莓機對國安的威脅？■A Research in Motion (RIM) "Bold" BlackBerry device, which will be available to consumers later this year, is shown before RIM's annual general meeting of shareholders in Waterloo, Ontario, July 15, 2008. REUTERS黑莓機製造商RIM（Research In Motion），受到一部分成長最快速市場所提出的解密要求。BlackBerry maker Research In Motion is facing demands for access to its encrypted （1） wdata in some of its fastest-growing markets.RIM的加密傳輸由其營運中心的網路向外發送，大部分位在加拿大。不過合作客戶能夠自行選擇「黑莓機企業版伺服器」，RIM表示，外界將無法獲取其中的資料。RIM's encrypted traffic is delivered through its network operating centers, based mostly in Canada, though corporate clients can choose to host their BlackBerry Enterprise Servers elsewhere. RIM says it cannot access data sent via its devices.RIM並未依地區給予不同使用碼；但國際研究暨顧問機構「顧能」估計，上一季黑莓機出貨量1,055萬隻。1.4％在中東與非洲、7.6％亞州、9.5％在拉丁美洲。北美洲囊括近一半的訂單，超過1／4落在西歐。RIM does not give usage numbers by region, but research firm Gartner estimates that, of 10.55 million BlackBerry devices shipped in the last quarter, 1.4 percent went to the Middle East and Africa, 7.6 percent to Asia and 9.5 percent to Latin America. North America took more than half and more than a quarter went to western Europe.以下為世界各國政府，針對黑莓機掀起的加密資料風波不同的應對方式。Below is a factbox showing how different governments have dealt with concerns raised by BlackBerry's encrypted data.印度INDIA印度媒體3日報導，政府擔憂加密資料將成國家安全一大漏洞，RIM受到來自印度政府的壓力後，允許維安機構監控其黑莓機服務。RIM will allow Indian security agencies to monitor its BlackBerry services, a newspaper reported on Tuesday, after pressure from governments worried about national security.報導指出，15天內，RIM在這個全球第二大的無線通訊市場，讓渡出企業電子郵件的共享技術電碼，並且開放用戶的帳戶資料給政府。It said RIM offered to share technical codes for corporate mail and to open up, within 15 days, access to consumer emails in the world's second-largest wireless market.印度為全球無線通訊成長最快速的市場。維安機構懷疑，激進分子可能曾利用黑莓機，策畫造成116人死亡的2008年孟買恐怖攻擊。Security agencies in India, the fastest-growing wireless market in the world, suspect militants used Blackberry services to plan a 2008 Mumbai attack in which 116 people died.中國CHINARIM原先計畫2006年進軍中國，不過最終延遲了2年。分析師將其歸因於當局要求RIM必須證明手機無安全威脅後，才准予放行。RIM's plans to enter China in 2006 were delayed by about two years, with analysts blaming Beijing's demands that RIM prove its handsets posed no security threat.2008年，RIM與寡占電信龍頭中國移動合作後，最終得以在中國市場販售黑莓機。但營運商缺乏推廣，目前使用率仍然偏低。RIM eventually began selling BlackBerry handsets in 2008 in a tieup with dominant operator China Mobile, but usage has reportedly been weak due to the carrier's lack of promotion.今年5月，RIM與中國最小的3家電信業者之一中國電信，合作推出黑莓機服務。中國電信計畫以更積極的方式推廣服務。China limits ownership of its telecoms networks, due in part to security concerns, and has been slow to allow foreign operators to build their own networks.黑莓機的例子，僅是當局控制社會資訊流通的冰山一角。政府經常封鎖網站的敏感議題，並且要求境內的網路公司就敏感議題「自我審查」。Blackberry's experience is part of Beijing's broader effort to control the flow of information in Chinese society. Beijing often blocks websites on sensitive issues and requires Internet firms operating in the country to self-censor on those subjects.阿拉伯聯合大公國UNITED ARAB EMIRATES阿拉伯聯合大公國表示，歷經3年與RIM談判未果後，下令禁止對政府構成威脅的黑莓機電子郵件、簡訊及網路。RIM去年指出，國營阿聯酋電信曾試圖在黑莓機上安裝一個未經RIM授權的監控程式。The UAE says its threat to ban Blackberry email, messaging and internet comes after three years of fruitless negotiations with RIM, which last year said state-controlled operator Etisalat had sought to install an unauthorized （2） surveillance application on its devices.波斯灣阿拉伯國家以安全為由，反對將資料輸出境外，更遑論是由「外資商業經營者」所掌控。禁令將於10月11日施行，連帶將影響入境旅客。The Gulf Arab state objects on security grounds to data being exported offshore and managed by a "foreign, commercial operation." Its ban, due on October 11, will also affect visitors.沙烏地阿拉伯SAUDI ARABIA產業界人士指出，營運商本月份被要求封鎖黑莓機訊息服務。在極度的保守社會中，大部分沙國年輕人透過這項訊息服務結交異性友人。Industry sources in the biggest Arab economy said operators were asked to block BlackBerry Messenging this month. Most users are consumers. Messenging is used by Saudi youth to meet members of the opposite sex in a deeply conservative society.（譯註：沙烏地新聞社報導，美、加政府介入斡旋及沙國電信監管機構尋獲解決方案，黑莓機禁令無限期延後。）科威特KUWAIT當地媒體報導，科威特不打算仿效灣區國家施行禁用令；但要求RIM封鎖色情網站。RIM表示「初步同意」，並且要求執行期間延至年底。Kuwait does not plan to follow the example of its Gulf neighbors by banning BlackBerry services, but has asked RIM to block pornographic （3） sites, a newspaper said on Tuesday. RIM has given "initial approval" and sought until the end of the year to implement the block, the paper said.美國UNITED STATES美國國務院呼籲，阿聯提出的禁用令打開了一個危險先例，因其限制了資訊自由。不過，白宮本身始終都有自顧不暇的黑莓機問題。The State Department calls the UAE's planned ban a dangerous precedent in limiting freedom of information, but the White House has had its own issues with BlackBerry.基於安全因素，以及總統的電子郵件被視為公共記錄必須公開，擔任最高職務後的歐巴馬，不得不努力克服萬難，保住心愛的黑莓機。President Barack Obama had to push hard to keep his beloved BlackBerry upon assuming highest office due to security concerns and the fact that presidential emails are considered public records subject to disclosure.他的手機配備加強保護系統，通訊錄被限縮，少數的私人朋友與白宮的重要幕僚才得以聯繫上他。His phone received enhanced security and his address book was reduced to a small group of personal friends and senior staff.美國執法部門必須獲得法官的簽署同意，才能獲取手機、黑莓機或iPhone的通聯紀錄或資料。U.S. law enforcement authorities need to obtain a court order signed by a judge in order to access call logs or data from a phone, BlackBerry or iPhone.俄羅斯RUSSIA俄羅斯聯邦政府經過數年與RIM、聯邦安全局交涉，確定不涉及加密代碼後，於2007年底，俄國2間最大的系統業者開始提供黑莓機服務。黑莓機企業版伺服器由俄國系統業者或企業自行掌控。Russia's two biggest carriers began offering BlackBerry services in late 2007, after years of negotiations between RIM and the federal security service that did not involve handing over encryption codes. BlackBerry Enterprise Servers for Russian corporate clients are hosted by the operator or the enterprise.法國FRANCE2007年，法國安全機構建議內閣部長與總統沙柯吉，應戒除使用黑莓機的習慣，因數據資料安全可能不保。In 2007, a French security agency recommended that cabinet ministers and President Nicolas Sarkozy stop using BlackBerry services due to concerns that the data might not be secure.法國國防總秘書處發出警告，RIM的伺服器位在英國與加拿大，容易被海外的國安單位攔截資料。此後許多高層部長替換特殊的加密智慧手機以求自保。The SGDN was worried that RIM's servers were located in Britain and Canada and might therefore be accessible to overseas security agencies. Many top ministers have since been issued specially encrypted smartphones instead.德國GERMANY聯邦電信監察機構發言人說，德國沒有法律禁止加密的訊息。官方需法院同意才能獲取個人訊息、電郵或其他通訊設備的資料。Germany does not have an encryption law that prohibits （4） encrypted messages, a spokesman for the federal telecoms watchdog said. Authorities need a court order to access messages, emails and other communication.奧地利AUSTRIA資料指出，奧地利黑莓機企業伺服器位於英國，由RIM負責營運。目前沒有任何法律允許官方截取加密的電子郵件資料。BlackBerry Enterprise Servers for Austrian corporate clients are located in Britain and operated by RIM, an industry source said. There is so far no law allowing the interception （5） of encrypted email traffic, the source said.（路透REUTERS）關鍵字詞Key Words1. encrypted(a.) 將……譯成密碼的2. unauthorized(a.) 未經授權的3. pornographic(a.) 色情的4. prohibit (v.) （以法令、規定等）禁止5. interception (n.) 攔截、竊聽 |
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