台 灣 立 報 《 教 育 專 題 深 入 報 導 》 2010-09-09─立報—教育專題深入報導─智邦公益電子報
enews.url.com.tw · April 04,2014台 灣 立 報 《 教 育 專 題 深 入 報 導 》 2010-09-09
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| 台 灣 立 報 《 教 育 專 題 深 入 報 導》 2010-09-09 |
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| 流浪羅曼人劣境求生：法國驅弱勢救財政 數萬群眾抗爭 | 李威撰 |
策劃、編譯■李威撰 上週六法國發起串聯國內外的抗議，堪稱是近年來規模之最，內容包括反對法國政府驅逐來自東歐的羅曼人，還反對改革後的退休金制度。沙柯吉自己就是東歐移民的後代，為何要取締羅曼人？當取締羅曼人的政策獲得6成5的支持率時，淪為少數者的抗議人士，又是如何看待羅曼人議題？■在法國馬賽一場反對政府打擊犯罪的抗議行動中，一名抗議者的T-shirt上貼著沙柯吉的頭像並印有「2012年可驅逐」的字樣。數萬人的遊行是要反對政府取締移民的安全政策及養老金改革案，他們展開為期一週的抗議行動，而沙柯吉也為了這些政策賭上自己的政治聲望。（圖文╱路透）周六有數萬名抗議群眾在法國各處反對取締移民，並針對總統沙柯吉賭上自己政治聲望的政策，展開抗議行動。Tens of thousands protested across France on Saturday against a clampdown on immigrants, launching a week of action over policies on which President Nicolas Sarkozy has staked his political reputation.示威者反對包括將羅曼人遣送回東歐的政策，他們揮動旗幟與海報，並反覆呼喊「停止鎮壓」及「向沙柯吉非人道政策說不」的口號。樂隊及鼓聲讓抗議氣氛顯得友善而較少烟硝味。Demonstrators opposed to measures including repatriation of Roma to eastern Europe waved flags and placards and chanted slogans including "Stop repression" and "No to Sarkozy's inhumane policies." Bands and drums made the atmosphere friendly rather than combative.批評者視驅逐羅曼吉普賽人的行動，為沙柯吉在2012大選前回復聲望的努力，並藉此試圖轉移人民對養老金改革與縮減開支的注意力。Critics see expulsions of Roma gypsies as part of a drive by Sarkozy to revive his popularity before 2012 elections and divert attention from painful pension （1） reforms and spending cuts.為打擊犯罪而認為需要安全措施的沙柯吉，周二面臨更大的考驗，因為勞工們舉行全國規模的大罷工，對沙柯吉認為有助於縮減預算赤字的養老金改革提出抗議。The president, who says the security measures are needed to combat crime, faces a bigger test on Tuesday when workers hold a nationwide strike and protests over the pension reforms, which he says are essential to help cut the budget deficit.左派的《解放報》表示：「對政客而言，從騷亂回到工作崗位的這段期間內，周末的遊行將會是整個國家氣氛的第一個指標。」"This weekend's demonstrations will be a first indicator of the country's mood during this turbulent return to work for politicians," the left-leaning Liberation newspaper said.法國總工會會長提波爾（Confédération générale du travail, CGT）在巴黎的主要集會據點向記者表示：「捍衛自由及民主原則與捍衛社會權利之間有密切關聯，總而言之，當自由減少時，社會權利也會跟著減少。」CGT union leader Bernard Thibault told journalists at the main rally in Paris: "Defending freedom and the principles of democracy and defending social rights go hand in hand. And in general, when freedom decreases, social rights decrease too."周六的抗議活動訴求，還對準了這項新措施：只要移民被發現攻擊警方有罪，將撤銷其法國國籍。Saturday's protests also targeted the revocation （2） of French nationality for immigrants found guilty of attacking police officers.在陽光普照下，成千上萬示威者，在羅曼人的帶頭下遊行穿越巴黎市中心，這些遊行者代表人權團體、左翼政黨及工會組織。警方估計，參與人數為1.2萬人左右。Thousands of demonstrators representing human rights groups, left-wing political parties and unions marched in bright sunshine through central Paris, led by Roma. Police estimated the turnout at 12,000.TENS OF THOUSANDS參與者數以萬計數萬人聚集在馬賽、里昂、波爾多及其他130個市鎮。在馬賽的一名抗議者，穿著帶有沙柯吉面孔及「2012年可驅逐」標語的T恤。Tens of thousands more rallied in Marseille, Lyon, Bordeaux and some 130 other towns and cities. One protester in Marseille sported a T-shirt emblazoned （3） with Sarkozy's face and the slogan "Expellable in 2012."法國人權聯盟主席杜波伊斯向路透電視表示：「我們許多人都平靜的說，古老的憎恨與種族偏見，未來不會再回到這個國家。」"There are many of us calmly saying that the future of this country is not a return to the old hatreds and racist prejudices," Jean-Pierre Dubois, president of France's Human Rights League, told Reuters TV.社運團體估計全國參與人數有10萬人，但內政部長賀德費表示，只有數萬人參與全國性抗議，人數不如籌辦者預期，而他也將會繼續推動改革。The association estimated national turnout at 100,000. But Interior Minister Brice Hortefeux said in a statement that only a few tens of thousands had taken part nationwide, less than organizers had hoped, and that he would press on with reforms.沙柯吉的安全政策在國外同樣也遭到批評，尤其是關於羅曼人的部分。示威者在其他歐洲國家首都的法國大使館外參與抗議。Sarkozy's security policy, especially on Roma, has drawn criticism outside France too, and demonstrations were due to take place outside French embassies in other European capitals.現年62歲的高中校長德特勒評論道：「有一種加深的不滿情緒在反對政府，這個情緒在過去幾個月持續增長……現在業已沸騰。」High school principal Jean-Louis Tetrel, 62, commented: "There is a feeling of deepening rage against the government which is rather new, which has been growing in the past few months ... Things are really boiling over now."沙柯吉在周五表示，他決定捍衛養老金的改革，這項政策將退休年齡從60歲調高到62歲。Sarkozy said on Friday he was determined to stand by his pension reforms, which among other things will raise the retirement age to 62 from 60.工會表示，無論是學校、公共運輸或是電信，這些在星期二的罷工行動中全都會中斷。進行罷工的同時間，國會也將展開對改革的討論。Unions say everything from schools and public transport to telecommunications will be disrupted in Tuesday's strike, which coincides with the start of debate on the reforms in the National Assembly, the lower house of parliament （4）.DEFICITS財政出現赤字好幾個工會要求，從週一晚上8點開始進行24小時的停工。屆時國營鐵路將會受到影響，而法國航空上周五表示，其營運會受到衝擊。Several unions are calling for a 24-hour shutdown from 8 p.m. on Monday. State railways are set to be affected, and Air France said on Friday that its operations would be hit.從巴黎戴高樂機場起飛的所有長途班機及9成的中、短程班機會正常運作；但在歐利機場起降的中、短程班機，只有一半會正常運作。It expects to operate all long-haul flights and 90 percent of its short- and medium-haul flights from Paris's Charles de Gaulle airport, but only half of its short- and medium-haul flights from Orly airport.政府在6月公佈計畫，將改革隨收隨付制的退休金制度，並整頓政府財政。政府表示，若無重大變革，該制度到2020年每年累積的赤字將高達5百億歐元（約2兆台幣）。The government unveiled plans in June to overhaul （5） the pay-as-you-go pensions system and clean up state finances. It said that, without major changes, the system would run up annual deficits of 50 billion euros ($67 billion) by 2020.上周五沙柯吉向工廠工人們表示：「作為共和國的總統，我在卸任時一定讓養老金制度達到收支平衡。」"I will not be the president of the Republic who leaves without having balanced the pension system," Sarkozy told factory workers on Friday. "I am extremely determined."（路透Reuters）關鍵字詞Key Words1. pension(n.) 養老金、退休金2. revocation(n.) （法律的）廢黜3. emblazon(v.) （用圖案或文字等）裝飾4. parliament (n.) 國會5. overhaul (v. n.) 大改造、大整頓、全面檢查 |
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