台 灣 立 報 《 教 育 專 題 深 入 報 導 》 2010-09-30─立報—教育專題深入報導─智邦公益電子報
enews.url.com.tw · April 04,2014台 灣 立 報 《 教 育 專 題 深 入 報 導 》 2010-09-30
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| 台 灣 立 報 《 教 育 專 題 深 入 報 導》 2010-09-30 |
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| ★ ★ 本期目錄 ★ ★ |
| 反美軍禁同受挫：兩黨政治角力 參院杯葛同志禁令討論 | 本報訊 |
策劃、編譯■李威撰、謝雯伃 長期以來，美軍以禁聲的態度面對同性戀與雙性戀問題，「不問，不說」政策看似井水不犯河水，實則導致受害者敢怒不敢言，因為這項政策被解雇的人數，已高達1萬4千人，為追求平等，免於政策的歧視，美國政府不得不關注這項議題，期中選舉將近，兩黨立場迥異，選舉結果又會造成何種影響，都值得觀察。■2009年5月27日，美國總統歐巴馬出席民主黨在比佛利希爾頓飯店舉辦的一場募款時，飯店外頭也正舉辦一場遊行活動，圖為丹尼爾．崔在遊行中發表談話。丹尼爾．崔於2007到2008年曾參與美軍在伊拉克的行動，2009年3月他在電視節目《瑞秋馬朵秀》上公開出櫃後，美軍隨即以違反「不問，不說」為由將其解職。5月26日，加州最高法院支持禁止同志婚姻的禁令，高舉由選民投票所核可的《8號提案》（Proposition 8），該提案將婚姻確立為介於男女之間的事。不過，最高法院表示，2008年1.8萬名同志伴侶的婚姻仍是合法，不會受到影響。（圖文／路透）美國參議院21日否決一項將能讓同志公開於軍中服役的政策；此舉重挫總統歐巴馬的政策方針之一。The Senate on Tuesday blocked a measure that would let homosexuals serve openly in the military, in a setback for one of President Barack Obama's policy goals.要讓國防授權法案和廢除所謂的「不問，不說」政策進入辯論程序，需要有60票同意票。但在程序表決中，只有56名參議員投下贊成票，有43名投下反對票。這項政策今年稍晚還有一次闖關機會。Sixty votes were needed for debate to begin on the bill authorizing defense programs and repeal （1） of the policy known as "don't ask, don't tell." Just 56 senators voted yes and 43 no, but the measure will probably have another chance this year.自從1993年來，只要同志隱藏自己的性傾向，就被允許加入美國軍隊服役。民調顯示，大多數美國民眾支持廢除該禁令，而這也是歐巴馬2008年的競選承諾之一。Since 1993, homosexuals have been allowed to serve in the U.S. military as long as they hide their sexual orientation （2）. They are expelled if it becomes known. Polls have said most Americans support lifting the ban, and repealing it was one of Obama's promises in his 2008 campaign.和歐巴馬同屬一陣營的民主黨議員，希望能在今年11月國會期中選舉前，將「不問不說」政策廢除，因為共和黨可望在國會選舉中大勝，如此一來可能會讓廢除這項禁令之路更為艱辛。美國眾議院已投票通過要改變禁令。Obama's Democrats in Congress wanted to scrap the "don't ask, don't tell" policy before November congressional elections in which Republicans are expected to make big gains, possibly making it more difficult to repeal the ban. The House has already voted to change the law.一般預估，支持廢除禁令的倡議者會在國會選舉結束後，原任眾議員在位的最後一段「跛腳鴨會期」（lame-duck session）中再闖關一次。白宮方面表示，支持民主黨再一次進行嘗試。Advocates of the change are expected to try again in the Senate during the "lame-duck" session of Congress that is expected to follow the elections. The White House said it supported another attempt.「我們對於立法沒有進展，感到相當失望；不過我們會繼續嘗試。」白宮發言人吉布茲（Robert Gibbs）表示。"We're disappointed at not being able to proceed on the legislation, but we'll keep trying," White House spokesman Robert Gibbs said.每一名21日出席的共和黨議員，都否決辯論廢除這項禁令的可能。民主黨的普賴爾（Mark Pryor）和林肯（Blanche Lincoln）也加入了否決的陣營。Every Republican present on Tuesday voted to block debate on the bill. Democrats Mark Pryor and Blanche Lincoln joined them.包括軍隊加薪和五角大廈的武器購買預算在內的國防授權法案，很難擠進年終的跛腳鴨會期。It could be difficult squeezing the lengthy defense bill, which authorizes programs such as military pay increases and Pentagon （3） weaponry, into the late-year lame duck session.到那時，五角大廈方面可能就已完成了對「不問不說」政策的評估報告。包括參議員馬侃在內的許多共和黨人表示，他們在五角大廈的報告完成前，都會反對廢除該禁令。By the Pentagon by then may have finished a study of the "don't ask, don't tell policy. " Many Republicans, including Senator John McCain, said they opposed voting on a repeal of the policy before the Pentagon review is done.獨立派參議員李柏曼（Joe Lieberman）是廢除該禁令的支持者之一。他相信該提案最終還是會通過。「我們今天的確沒有獲得勝利，不過今年我們終將勝利。」Independent Senator Joe Lieberman, co-sponsor of the repeal, said he believed it could still pass. "We didn't win today, but we can win this fight this year."李柏曼表示，自從「不問不說」政策1993年實施後，已有1.4萬名軍人被逐出軍隊。「這等於軍隊裡一整個師的人數，我們需要這些人駐防阿富汗和世界各地。」Lieberman said 14,000 soldiers had been kicked out of the military because of the policy since 1993. That was "the equivalent of an entire division of war fighters, that we need in places like Afghanistan and elsewhere around the world."公開的政治陰謀BLATANT POLITICAL PLOY部分共和黨員，也對民主黨計畫將一項被稱為「夢想法案」的移民相關法案當成修正案，並將之放在國防相關修正案之前討論，感到不悅。「夢想法案」將為年輕的非法移民提供身分合法化的機會，只要這些非法移民進入大學或入軍中服役，就能獲得美國籍。Some Republicans were also unhappy with Democratic plans to bring up immigration-related legislation known as the "Dream Act" as an amendment to the bill before dealing with defense-related amendments. The "Dream Act" would provide a conditional path to citizenship for young illegal immigrants if they go to college or do military service.馬侃指控民主黨以此法案爭取西班牙裔和同志選票。「這是公開的政治陰謀，即將落敗的一方想要刺激支持群眾。」McCain charged Democrats were aiming simply for Hispanic and gay votes. "This is a blatant （4） political ploy in order to try to galvanize the political base of the other side which is faced with losing an election."民主黨籍的軍事委員會主席李文（Carl Levin）否認國會搶先軍方行動。Democrat Carl Levin, the Armed Services Committee chairman, denied Congress was getting ahead of the military.他表示，即使國會最後通過法案，要廢止這項禁令仍需要獲得總統歐巴馬、國防部長蓋茨（Robert Gates）和參謀首長聯席會議主席穆倫（Mike Mullen）上將的同意。李文表示，廢除這項禁令並不會損及戰力、團體凝聚力、招募和離營。He said that even if Congress gave final approval to the bill, repeal of the ban would require certification from Obama, Defense Secretary Robert Gates and Admiral Mike Mullen, the top U.S. military officer. Levin said the repeal would not hurt readiness, unit cohesion, recruitment and retention.「不問不說」政策廢除與否的辯論已經成為同志運動人士的戰鬥口號。歌手女神卡卡上周於官網上傳一支影片，呼籲參議員和「美國同胞」齊力推動廢止這項政策。由男女同志現役和退伍軍人所組成的「團結軍人」（Servicemembers United）組織，則對21日的表決深感失望。The debate has become a rallying cry for gay rights activists. Singer Lady Gaga released a video last week urging senators and "fellow Americans" to push for repeal. Servicemembers United, an organization of gay and lesbian troops and veterans （5）, expressed deep disappointment with Tuesday's vote.賓州蘭卡斯特市富蘭克林馬歇爾大學的公共事務教授馬度納（Terry Madonna）表示，民主黨可以將整體選舉敘事，講成共和黨是一個只會說「不」的政黨，聽不見美國主流的心聲。Terry Madonna, a public affairs professor at Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, said Democrats could fit the vote into a narrative that Republicans were the party of "no" and out of touch with mainstream America.不過，這次期中選舉主要是被經濟議題所左右，分析師質疑「不問不說」政策對選情的影響力。But analysts questioned how powerful the issue would be in an election expected to be dominated by economic concerns.（路透Reuters）關鍵字詞Key Words1. repeal(v.) 廢除（法規）2. sexual orientation (n.) 性取向3. Pentagon (n.) 五角大廈（指美國國防部）4. blatant(adj.) 明目張膽的5. veteran(n.) 退伍軍人 |
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