台 灣 立 報 《 教 育 專 題 深 入 報 導 》 2010-10-07─立報—教育專題深入報導─智邦公益電子報
enews.url.com.tw · April 04,2014台 灣 立 報 《 教 育 專 題 深 入 報 導 》 2010-10-07
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| 台 灣 立 報 《 教 育 專 題 深 入 報 導》 2010-10-07 |
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| 厄瓜多拉警報：柯利亞好戰性格 評價兩極 | 李威撰 |
策劃、編譯■李威撰 南美國家厄瓜多政治局勢向來不穩，過去13年換過8位總統，這次因刪減警方福利所引發的街頭抗議，意外地惡化為嚴重暴動事件，究其事發原因，除外債因素促使政府縮減開支，以及柯利亞政治性格使然之外，是否如政府所言，有第三方勢力涉入？而最後協助柯利亞脫困的軍方，在厄瓜多政局中又扮演何種角色？厄瓜多總統柯利亞眼中滿是憤怒，襯衫被扯開了，彷彿已準備好在上週的警方暴動中，直接和反對者在街頭打上一架。好戰的行事風格不僅讓他和盟友產生距離，同時也阻礙他的治理能力。Fury in his eyes, his shirt ripped open as if ready for a street brawl in the face of a police uprising last week, Ecuadorean President Rafael Correa's combative style is distancing allies and could hamper his ability to govern.9月30日厄瓜多警察走上街頭抗議津貼及福利遭到刪減，隨後演變成長達數小時之久的致命對峙局面，讓這個小小的安地斯國家陷入混亂。而柯利亞這位左翼領袖的招牌脾氣就在當天爆發開來。The left-wing leader's signature temper boiled over on Thursday during a protest by policemen over bonus and benefit cuts which turned into a deadly, hours-long stand-off （1） that plunged the small Andean country into chaos.他挑釁地對警方說：「你們想要就殺了我啊！有膽就殺啊！」"Kill me if you want to. Kill me if you have the courage," he yelled defiantly.柯利亞選擇與在警方宿舍焚燒輪胎的示威者親自協商，但這馬上就事與願違，當時催淚彈就在他臉旁爆炸。最近才因為膝蓋手術而行動不便，現在又必須因此在附近的醫院裡躺上幾個小時。His decision to personally negotiate with the protesters, who were burning tires at a police barracks, backfired when a tear gas shell exploded close to his face. Already limping from a recent knee operation, he ended up stuck for hours in a nearby hospital.反抗的警察將柯利亞挾持在醫院當中，在一陣交火之後，厄瓜多軍方最終將柯利亞救出來。柯利亞說這次行動是一次暗殺計畫，意圖推翻他的社會主義政府。With guns blazing, troops finally freed Correa from the clinic where he was being held by renegade police who attacked him in what he called an attempt to assassinate （2） him and topple his socialist government.當親衛保鑣護送柯利亞逃離時，他的座車被猛烈射擊。8人在暴亂中死亡，將近3百人受傷。這起暴亂，是柯利亞執政以來最嚴峻的挑戰。His vehicle was strafed by bullets as he was evacuated （3） by elite guards. Eight people were killed in unrest across the country and nearly 300 were injured in the toughest challenge to his presidency to date.柯利亞的批評者說，他是一個喜歡在每週廣播和電視節目中公開羞辱政治對手的惡棍。而支持者則說，他是一名勇敢的政治人物，勇於對抗大眾眼中貪腐的菁英階級。His critics call him a bully who likes to publicly humiliate political opponents and even his own ministers during his weekly radio and television show. His supporters say he is a courageous politician who battles elites widely perceived as corrupt.柯利亞曾誇耀，孩提時代曾為了保護弱小，在操場上和校園惡霸打架。他也曾經在現場訪問節目中，將記者轟出場外；更曾經公開與政治對手大聲叫囂。Correa has boasted he used to fight bullies in the school yard as a child to defend the weak. He once ejected a journalist from a live interview, and has had public shouting matches with political opponents.■9月30日在厄瓜多首都基多，總統柯利亞在警方抗議的場合上，試圖就津貼福利的改變作協商。然而警方向柯利亞施放催淚瓦斯，欲讓柯利亞困在警備總部中，圖為柯利亞隨後戴上防毒面具。當柯利亞考慮解散陷入僵局的國會之際，厄瓜多在上週四爆發這場動盪，軍隊佔領了主要機場，而警方則在街頭抗議。（圖文／路透）可能強化與軍方連結在9月30日驚險的經驗之後，這名在美國訓練出來的經濟學家和前財政部長，將與警方和軍方間建立更良好的關係。不過，他處理問題的好戰方式是年輕時代就養成的習慣，他自己也認為這是統治一個局勢多變國家所需的性格優勢。After Thursday's hair-raising experience the U.S.-trained economist and former finance minister will seek better relations with the police and military. But his pugnacious （4） approach to problems has been part of his personality since he was a youth and he sees it as strength of character needed to govern the volatile country.一名要求不具名的資深政府官員表示：「他不會改變風格。下一步是要與同情我們的單位修復同盟關係，尤其是與軍隊。」"He will not change his style. The next step here is to rework our alliances with sectors that are sympathetic to us, specially the military," said a senior government official who asked not be named.民調專家表示，厄瓜多軍隊是石油輸出國家組織（OPEC）國家最為信任的機構之一，每當這個動盪國家的1千4百萬民眾走上街頭抗議時，軍方都扮演重要角色。The military, one of the OPEC nation's most trusted institutions, pollsters say, has had a prominent role in previous coups by removing support from presidents targeted by street protests in the turbulent nation of 14 million people.好戰立場毀譽參半雖說柯利亞的粗暴生硬風格讓他在支持者間很受歡迎，但也讓他與諸如印地安領袖、溫和主義知識份子等盟友產生疏離，導致他在做關鍵決定時孤立無援。While Correa's abrasive style has kept his popularity high with supporters, it has also alienated allies, like Indian leaders and moderate intellectuals, leaving him isolated when making key decisions.柯利亞目前正在努力推動修法，保護原住民在傳統領域的水源使用權，現行法律將水源使用權畫歸在礦場業主的控制下。為此，他暫且按下解散國會、以政令進行統治，繞過反對者的擱置，但他仍保留解散國會這個選項。Correa is struggling to reform laws that govern water use by miners on indigenous land. For now he has backed away from an aggressive plan to dissolve Congress and rule by decree to bypass his opponents, but he is keeping that option open.柯利亞在面對外國投資人時，一開始先施加打擊，接著摸摸頭，然後再從這些投資者身上榨取重要的工業資本。He also uses a strike first, talk later approach with investors that has drained important industries of capital.與他的密友委內瑞拉總統查維斯一樣，柯利亞因為推動石油和礦業的國有化，嚇跑了外國投資人。他同時也以道德因素為由，停止償還厄瓜多海外債務。Like his close friend, firebrand Venezuelan leader Hugo Chavez, Correa has scared-off investors with his drive to boost state control over oil and mining contracts. He also halted foreign debt payments on moral grounds.有些厄瓜多人表示，柯利亞並不太常傾聽他人意見，這讓他連和黨內同志都處不好。Some Ecuadoreans say Correa does not listen enough, putting him at odds even with members of his own party.一名先前是柯利亞友好夥伴的政治人物表示：「他一個人獨力治國，這損及他作出正確決定的能力。」這位政治人物2006年幫助柯利亞創辦「全國聯盟黨」。"He is ruling alone and that is hurting his capacity to make the right decisions," said a former close ally, who helped form Correa's National Alliance party in 2006.「他在幹嘛？親身與一群暴亂的警察起衝突？他不會把權力委派給別人，就好像他是超人一樣。」"What was he doing ... confronting that mob of policemen? He is not able to delegate power to others -- it's like he is superman."對柯利亞的愛與恨對許多厄瓜多人來說，談到說起話來砲火全開的柯利亞時，幾乎沒有中間地帶，要不是愛上他的直率風采，要不就恨他入骨。For many Ecuadoreans, there is no middle ground with the tough-talking Correa -- you either love him or hate him.21歲的路易茲是柯立亞的支持者，在一間化妝品公司工作，他說：「我把這次事件看成是試圖政變。……柯利亞是一名革命者。他惹惱了很多人。他應該要慢慢推動計畫才是。他太沒耐心、太傲慢了。」"I see this as an attempt at a coup d'etat （5） ... Correa is a revolutionary," said Maria Jose Ruiz, a 21-year-old Correa supporter who works for a cosmetics company. "He is upsetting a lot of people. He should take things more slowly. He is too impatient. He is arrogant."在厄瓜多這個全球最大香蕉出口國的人民心中，柯利亞仍舊相當受歡迎；他投資了數十億美元的石油收入，在窮困民眾的教育和健康改善計畫上。Correa remains popular in the world's top banana exporter after spending billions of dollars of oil wealth on education and health programs for the poor.不過許多接受《路透社》訪問的厄瓜多民眾表示，柯利亞應該與他的對手化解分歧。But many Ecuadoreans interviewed by Reuters want him to bridge differences with his rivals.歐班多（Wilfredo Obando）是一間建築公司的所有人，他說：「我們的總統一切都想自己來。」當警方暴動開始時，歐班多公司的團隊正在圭亞基爾的警方營房施工。「柯利亞從不聽他人勸告，只做自己想做的事。」"Our president had brought this on himself," said Wilfredo Obando, the owner of a construction company who was working on a project at the police barracks in Guayaquil when the uprising started. "He does what he wants without listening to others."（路透Reuters）關鍵字詞Key Words1. stand-off(n.) 僵持局面2. assassinate (v.) 暗殺3. evacuate (v.) 撤離4. pugnacious(adj.) 好鬥的5. coup d'etat(n.) （法文）政變 |
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