策劃、編譯■李威撰、謝雯伃

儘管大多數媒體發現，

禁止全臉面紗的議題在法國引發爭議，

但不僅大半民眾表態支持，

連穆斯林團體多數都選擇接受而未大力反對，

不過這場法國版的「文明衝突」，仍值得讀者們關心。

全臉面罩禁令11日起在法國上路，任何在公共場合穿著穆斯林全臉面紗及全身式罩袍者，將處以150歐元（約新台幣6千3百元）罰緩，或強制接受法國公民課程講習。法國是第一個實施這一禁令的國家。

France's ban on full face veils, a first in Europe, went into force on Monday, making anyone wearing the Muslim niqab （1） or burqa （2） in public liable to a fine of 150 euros or lessons in French citizenship.

這項禁令在法國境內及海外都遭批評，但法國境內主流穆斯林團體則傾向於不要針對這項付諸實施的禁令展開抗議。這項法令在通過以後，這些主要的穆斯林團體有6個月的寬限期，可以向他們的支持者解釋這項禁令。

The ban has been criticised in France and elsewhere, but mainstream Muslim groups -- which had a six-month grace period after the law was passed to explain it to their supporters -- opted not to protest at its entry into force.

「我們已經針對這項法令辯論多時，現在我們的立場很明確：我們百分之百尊重法國法律。」法國穆斯林信仰委員會發言人表示。

"We've already had our debate about the law and now our position is clear: we respect French law 100 percent," said a spokesman for the French Council of the Muslim Faith.

法國少數群體穆斯林有5百萬人，是西歐國家中最多的；但據信不超過2千名婦女確實在日常生活中穿戴全臉面紗。儘管如此，為了不想創下先例，許多人仍反對這項法律。

France's five-million-strong Muslim minority is Western Europe's largest, but fewer than 2,000 women are believed actually to wear a full face veil. Many still oppose the law, however, on the grounds of the precedent it sets.

法國總統沙柯吉的中間偏右政府在去年10月於國會完成這項立法，以海報、小冊子和網站大打公關戰，向大眾解釋這項禁令的內容和實施的方式。

President Nicolas Sarkozy's centre-right government, which pushed the law through parliament in October, rolled out a public relations campaign with posters, pamphlets and a web site to explain the ban and how it will be enforced.

小冊子中的指導方針禁止警方當街要求婦女脫下全身式罩袍或全臉面紗。相反地，違反禁令者會被送到警察局，在那裡要求拿下面罩，以辨別身分。

Guidelines in the pamphlet forbid police from asking women to remove their burqa or full-face veil in the street. They will instead be escorted to a police station and asked to remove the veil there for identification.

這項禁令廣被海外的穆斯林批評，認為是侵犯到了他們的宗教自由；但是這項法令在法國所激起的激烈反應卻有限，這是因為法國嚴格實行政教分離，把這項準則視為維持平靜公民社會的核心做法。

Widely criticised by Muslims abroad as impinging on their religious freedom, the law has provoked a limited backlash in France where a strict separation of church and state is seen as central to maintaining a peaceful civil society.

「政府推行這項法令實在太蠢了，因為現在人們穿著全臉面紗的原因不再是出於宗教理由，而是因為要對抗政府。」27歲的穆斯林女子亞瑪表示。

"It's so stupid what they've done with this law, because now people will wear the (full-face veil) not out of faith but because they are looking for a confrontation," said Hager Amer, a 27-year-old Muslim woman.

亞瑪戴著太陽眼鏡、穿著黑色牛仔褲和一件拉鏈上衣，站在她身邊的姐姐則穿著了蒙面罩袍。她們兩人在巴黎市中心聖母院門口參加一場小小的示威活動，支持亞瑪姐姐有權穿著包覆頭部的「查達爾」披巾。

Amer wore black jeans, sunglasses and a zip top but stood next to her veiled sister at a tiny gathering against the ban at Notre Dame Cathedral in central Paris to support her right to wear a "chador （3）" head-covering.

在多元種族交織的巴黎第18區，一位名為穆罕默德的年輕男子坐在清真寺外，他嘲笑政府這項新規定。「所有的穆斯林都因為這項法律而被污名化了。」他說：「他們這裡不接受穆斯林。」

Sitting outside a mosque in Paris' multi-ethnic 18th Arrondissement, a young man who gave his name as Mohammed scoffed at the new regulation. "All Muslims are stigmatized （4） by this law," he said. "They don't accept Muslims here."

立報歡迎您投稿與指教。詳情請參投稿與聯絡立報